Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of Nigella sativa and onion extract on nicotine-induced lung damage

Background: The present work aimed to compare the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and onion extract on the nicotine-induced lung damage in rats. The antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of both agents on nicotine-induced lung damage were studied. Materials and methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley albino rats, treated for 18 weeks, were divided into six groups: one negative control group, two positive control groups (oral onion and oral NS), nicotine-treated group, onion extract-treated group (concomitant nicotine and onion extract) and NS-treated group (concomitant nicotine and NS oil). The assessment of lung structure was based on haematoxylin and eosin and transmission electron microscopy. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase (CAT), lung glutathione (GSH), and epithelial lining fluid GSH (ELF GSH) were used for assessment of the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of NS and onion extract. Results: The lung of the nicotine-treated group exhibited emphysematous air spaces, collapsed corrugated alveoli with ruptured interalveolar septa in some specimen and thickened septa in the others, massive congestion, extravasation of red blood cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration and fluid exudate. Much improvement was observed in the onion-treated group despite the presence of residual pathological affection. The lung in the NS-treated group showed the nearly normal architecture with slight congestion. Administration of nicotine promoted lipid peroxidation (elevation of MDA) and decreased the level of the antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, lung GSH and ELF GSH). With the use of onion extract and NS, the level of MDA decreased by 17.85% and 35.71% while the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and ELF GSH increased. The increase was more prominent in the NS-treated group. The levels in the NS-treated group reached nearly the level markers of the control group. Conclusions: Nigella sativa and onion extract attenuate the pathological effect of nicotine in the lung rats through antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative mechanisms with higher protection to NS

Threshold Verification Technique for Network Intrusion Detection System

Internet has played a vital role in this modern world, the possibilities and opportunities offered are limitless. Despite all the hype, Internet services are liable to intrusion attack that could tamper the confidentiality and integrity of important information. An attack started with gathering the information of the attack target, this gathering of information activity can be done as either fast or slow attack. The defensive measure network administrator can take to overcome this liability is by introducing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in their network. IDS have the capabilities to analyze the network traffic and recognize incoming and on-going intrusion. Unfortunately the combination of both modules in real time network traffic slowed down the detection process. In real time network, early detection of fast attack can prevent any further attack and reduce the unauthorized access on the targeted machine. The suitable set of feature selection and the correct threshold value, add an extra advantage for IDS to detect anomalies in the network. Therefore this paper discusses a new technique for selecting static threshold value from a minimum standard features in detecting fast attack from the victim perspective. In order to increase the confidence of the threshold value the result is verified using Statistical Process Control (SPC). The implementation of this approach shows that the threshold selected is suitable for identifying the fast attack in real time.Comment: 8 Pages, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Securit

Deterministic protocol for mapping a qubit to coherent state superpositions in a cavity

We introduce a new gate that transfers an arbitrary state of a qubit into a superposition of two quasi-orthogonal coherent states of a cavity mode, with opposite phases. This qcMAP gate is based on conditional qubit and cavity operations exploiting the energy level dispersive shifts, in the regime where they are much stronger than the cavity and qubit linewidths. The generation of multi-component superpositions of quasi-orthogonal coherent states, non-local entangled states of two resonators and multi-qubit GHZ states can be efficiently achieved by this gate

Role of psoas compartment and caudal epidural steroid injection in spinal stenosis patients associated with low back pain and lower limb radiculopathy

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction of psoas compartment and caudal epidural steroid injection in patients with spinal stenosis and lumbosaccral radiculopathy. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of spinal stenosis and lumbosaccral radiculopathy having visual analogue score (VAS) less than five were included in the study. Bilateral psoas compartment and caudal epidural injection was given to all patients. In group-A patients haemodynamics and complications were examined immediately after injection. In group-B the same patients were examined through a questionnaire after eight weeks, for pain relief, duration of pain relief, reduction in painkillers and overall improvement in activities of daily living. RESULTS: Total 106 patients were examined. In group-A change in haemodynamics before and after twenty minutes of injection was less than 15 percent and no immediate complications were reported. In group B more than 90 percent of patients reported relief of pain and VAS remained below three. Relief of pain lasted for 1-2 weeks, 2-4 weeks, 4-6 weeks and 6-8 weeks in 13 percent, 11 percent, 27 percent and 43 percent of patients respectively. More than fifty percent of patients reported up to 70 percent improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) and reduction in weekly intake of supplemental pain killers. Six percent of the (seven) patients reported no response to treatment. CONCLUSION: Psoas compartment and caudal epidural steroid injection could be an alternate option for pain relief in patients with spinal stenosis and lumbosaccral radiculopathy

To Study the Effectiveness of Laser Therapy and G.D Maitland Mobilization in Adhesive Capsulitis Among 40-50 Years Age Group Male Patients

Background:Thestudy focused to make a comparative evaluation regarding the efficacy of laser therapy treatment with that of the Maitland mobilization technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Objective: Study to show the effectiveness of laser therapy and G.D Maitland mobilization in adhesive capsulitis. Methods:In this randomized controlled study, total subject 30participants were equally divided using random method in to two different treatment groups with each group having 15 patients each in each of the group namely GD Maitland Mobilization and the LASER therapy group. All the subjects were treated for 3 sessions per week for six weeks (total 18 sessions). The variable of the study include assessments of pain severity on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), shoulder active ROM (flexion, extension, abduction), associated disability SPADI scores for pain and disability scales.nbsp The variable score were taken in the beginning of the study (day 0) and after 30 days and 90 days for both the group. Goniometric assessment of active ranges of shoulder movements were made for the range documentation of the study. Data of 30 subjects (only men) enrolled subjects were used for analysis. Results:In the study there are improvement in all shoulder parameters after treatment and in the follow up period compared to before treatment in both groups. Conclusion: though both treatment are effective in reducing the symptoms associated with adhesive capsulitis, the study concludes that G.D Maitland is more effective than Laser therapy at the 30 days documentation.nbs