Копинг-стратегии и отношение к здоровью у пациентов кардиологического профиля

Highlights. The importance of psychological assessment and psychological support in Cardiology Departments has been demonstrated. For the first time, predominant coping strategy in cardiac patients was revealed.Background. Why do patients with the same disease, disease course, prognosis and treatment have different outcomes? One hypothesis points to the influence of internal resources used in coping with the disease. A.B. Smulewicz in 1984 identified the association between the clinical symptoms and mental state of the patient.Aim. To determine characteristics of coping behavior and attitude toward health in cardiac patients from Surgical and Therapeutic Departments.Methods. 122 patients admitted to the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital” were included in the study. The 1st group consisted of in-patients from the Department of Surgical Treatment of Heart Rhythm Disorders and Electrical Cardiac Stimulation (61 patients); the 2nd group consisted of patients from the 1st Cardiology Department (61 patients). A questionnaire developed by R. Lazarus and S. Falkman in 1988 was used to determine coping strategies, and a questionnaire developed by R. A. Berezovskaya in 2005 was used to assess attitudes towards health.Results. Active coping strategy predominates in surgical patients, and distancing and avoidant strategies predominate in therapeutic patients. Correlation between characteristics of coping strategy and attitudes toward health was analyzed: active coping strategies are accompanied by high behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. An inverse correlation is noted in distancing and avoidant coping strategies.Conclusion. Psychological comfort and correct attitude of patient to his/her disease is an important part of rehabilitation that highlights the significance of psychometric testing in cardiac patients.Основные положения. Доказана важность психологических скринингов и штатной психологической помощи в кардиологических отделениях. Впервые выявлен преобладающий копинг у кардиологических больных хирургического и терапевтического профиля.Актуальность. Одной из гипотез, объясняющих, почему пациенты с одинаковым заболеванием, течением, прогнозом и условиями лечения имеют разный исход, является влияние внутренних психологических резервов в борьбе с болезнью. Еще в 1984 г. А.Б. Смулевич выявил взаимосвязь соматического клинического синдрома и психического состояния пациента.Цель. Определение характерного копинга и отношения к здоровью у больных кардиологического отделения хирургического и терапевтического профиля.Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 122 пациента многопрофильного республиканского медицинского центра ГБУЗ РК «РКБ имени Н.А. Семашко»: первую группу составили больные, находившиеся на стационарном лечении в отделении хирургического лечения сложных нарушений ритма сердца и электрокардиостимуляции (61 человек); вторую группу – пациенты 1-го кардиологического отделения (61 человек). Методика определения копинг-стратегий включала опросник Р. Лазаруса и С. Фолкман 1988 г. «Способы совладающего поведения». Для изучения особенностей отношения к здоровью использован опросник, разработанный Р.А. Березовской в 2005 г.Результаты. У пациентов хирургического профиля преобладала стратегия активных действий, у больных терапевтического отделения – дистанцирование и бегство-избегание. Отмечена корреляция между характерным копингом и отношением к здоровью: стратегии активных действий сопровождаются высоким поведенческим, когнитивным и эмоциональным аспектами. Обратная корреляция выявлена при типах дистанцирования и бегства-избегания.Заключение. Психологический комфорт и правильное отношение пациента к болезни служит важным этапом реабилитации, что подтверждает значимость психометрического скрининга у больных кардиологического профиля. Для скрининг-тестов и дальнейшей коррекции целесообразно введение в работу кардиологических отделений штатного психотерапевта

Современные представления о диагностической роли биомаркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции и возможностях ее коррекции

Highlights. The article presents a review of literature data on the diagnostic role of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers. The review provides an overview of the main indicators, their significance in various pathologies, and presents possible therapeutic strategies for preventing endothelial dysfunction.Abstract. Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic feature of each stage of the cardiovascular continuum – a series of events from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Due to the prominent role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases, it is a significant therapeutic target. It is important to note that circulating markers of endothelial activation and damage characterize the severity of the disease and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and subsequent prognosis. The purpose of this review is to provide up–to-date data on endothelial function, discussing its clinical relevance in the cardiovascular continuum, the latest insights in molecular and cellular biology, and their implications for clinical practice, with a focus on new methods of therapeutic approaches for correcting endothelial dysfunction.Основные положения. Статья представляет собой обзор актуальных литературных данных, посвященных изучению диагностической роли биомаркеров эндотелиальной дисфункции. В обзоре освещены характеристики основных показателей, их значение при различной патологии, а также представлены возможные терапевтические стратегии предотвращения эндотелиальной дисфункции.Резюме. Эндотелиальная дисфункция является характерной чертой каждого этапа сердечно-сосудистого континуума – ряда событий от гипертонии до развития атеросклероза и ишемической болезни сердца, образования тромбов, инфаркта миокарда и сердечной недостаточности. В связи с выдающейся ролью эндотелиальной дисфункции в патогенезе многих сосудистых заболеваний, она представляет собой значимую терапевтическую мишень. Важно отметить, что циркулирующие биомаркеры активации и повреждения эндотелия характеризуют тяжесть заболевания и могут быть использованы для оценки эффективности лечения и последующего прогноза. Цель данного обзора – представить современные данные о функции эндотелия, ее клинической значимости в сердечно-сосудистом континууме, последних достижениях молекулярной и клеточной биологии и их значении для клинической практики с акцентом на новых методах терапевтической коррекции эндотелиальной дисфункции

Functional characterization of the complement receptor type 1 and its circulating ligands in patients with schizophrenia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Whereas the complement system alterations contribute to schizophrenia, complement receptors and regulators are little studied. We investigated complement receptor type 1 (CR1) expression on blood cells, the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing ligands of CR1, C1q complement protein and fragments of C3 complement protein (C1q-CIC, C3d-CIC), and CR1 C5507G functional polymorphism in schizophrenia patients and controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found an increased C1q-CIC level and CR1 expression on blood cells, elevated number of CR1 positive erythrocytes and reduced number of CR1 positive lymphocytes and monocytes in patients compared to controls. No difference in the levels of C3d-CIC between groups was observed. Higher CR1 expression on erythrocytes in CC genotype versus CG+GG for both groups was detected, whereas no difference was observed for other cell populations. Our results indicated that schizophrenia is associated with the increased CR1 expression and C1q-CIC level.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study for the first time indicated that schizophrenia is associated with the increased CR1 expression and C1q-CIC level. Further studies in other ethnic groups are needed to replicate these findings.</p

A case-control study of GST polymorphisms and arsenic related skin lesions

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 impact detoxification of carcinogens by GSTs and have been reported to increase susceptibility to environmentally related health outcomes. Individual factors in arsenic biotransformation may influence disease susceptibility. GST activity is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including catalyzing the formation of arsenic-GSH conjugates. METHODS: We investigated whether polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTM1 were associated with risk of skin lesions and whether these polymorphisms modify the relationship between drinking water arsenic exposure and skin lesions in a case control study of 1200 subjects frequency matched on age and gender in community clinics in Pabna, Bangladesh in 2001–2002. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: GSTT1 homozygous wildtype status was associated with increased odds of skin lesions compared to the null status (OR1.56 95% CI 1.10–2.19). The GSTP1 GG polymorphism was associated with greater odds of skin lesions compared to GSTP1 AA, (OR 1.86 (95%CI 1.15–3.00). No evidence of effect modification by GSTT1, GSTM1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms on the association between arsenic exposure and skin lesions was detected. CONCLUSION: GSTT1 wildtype and GSTP1 GG are associated with increased risk of skin lesions

Periodical getter cleaning of the gas environment inside a device

Recent years have seen extensive development of new types of electro-mechanical devices, intended for use as sensors rotations and angular rates. They all tend to comprise any type of mechanical resonators which are sensitive to fluctuations in the rotational motion. Achievement of stable characteristics and high performance of these devices requires maintaining of the vacuum inside them at the level of 1…10-4 Pa. In the technology of assembly of such devices different adhesives and sealants are often used. They allow to connect easily and safely parts of different materials and eliminate the risk of thermal or mechanical damage, but at the same time adhesive joints have significant outgassing worsening vacuum inside the device. Although today's global industry produces a large number of different types of adhesives with low outgassing (see, for example, the NASA database [1]), the problem of providing vacuum in devices with internal adhesive joints remains unresolved until the end. The literature contains data describing the outgassing of some heat-resistant adhesives [2-7], which show that even small residual outgassing significantly worsens vacuum inside the device. The diagram (Fig. 1) evaluated according to the data presented in [6, 7] shows the composition and the partial pressure of gas components at ambient temperature inside the device comprising the adhesive joints (adhesive EPO-TEK H74UNF), after 10 years of its operation. In computations, the area of adhesive joints was S=1 мм 2 , the inner volume was V=100 см3 , relative outgassing rates were equal to [3]: ν(H2O)=6.9∙10-6 Pa∙m/s; ν(СО2)=8.9∙10-8 Pa∙m/s; ν(СO)=1.7∙10-7 Pa∙m/s; ν(СxHy)=10-6 Pa∙m/s; ν(H2)=1.2∙10-6 Pa∙m/s; ν(O2)=1.3∙10-10 Pa∙m/s; ν(HF)=1.4∙10-8 Pa∙m/s. As can be seen from the diagram, within 10 years after manufacture the total pressure inside the device increases to about 30 Pa, which inevitably leads to the loss of its functionalit