45 research outputs found
Optical pulse propagation in fibers with random dispersion
The propagation of optical pulses in two types of fibers with randomly
varying dispersion is investigated. The first type refers to a uniform fiber
dispersion superimposed by random modulations with a zero mean. The second type
is the dispersion-managed fiber line with fluctuating parameters of the
dispersion map. Application of the mean field method leads to the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) with a dissipation term, expressed by a 4th order
derivative of the wave envelope. The prediction of the mean field approach
regarding the decay rate of a soliton is compared with that of the perturbation
theory based on the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST). A good agreement
between these two approaches is found. Possible ways of compensation of the
radiative decay of solitons using the linear and nonlinear amplification are
explored. Corresponding mean field equation coincides with the complex
Swift-Hohenberg equation. The condition for the autosolitonic regime in
propagation of optical pulses along a fiber line with fluctuating dispersion is
derived and the existence of autosoliton (dissipative soliton) is confirmed by
direct numerical simulation of the stochastic NLSE. The dynamics of solitons in
optical communication systems with random dispersion-management is further
studied applying the variational principle to the mean field NLSE, which
results in a system of ODE's for soliton parameters. Extensive numerical
simulations of the stochastic NLSE, mean field equation and corresponding set
of ODE's are performed to verify the predictions of the developed theory.Comment: 17 pages, 7 eps figure
Stable vortex and dipole vector solitons in a saturable nonlinear medium
We study both analytically and numerically the existence, uniqueness, and
stability of vortex and dipole vector solitons in a saturable nonlinear medium
in (2+1) dimensions. We construct perturbation series expansions for the vortex
and dipole vector solitons near the bifurcation point where the vortex and
dipole components are small. We show that both solutions uniquely bifurcate
from the same bifurcation point. We also prove that both vortex and dipole
vector solitons are linearly stable in the neighborhood of the bifurcation
point. Far from the bifurcation point, the family of vortex solitons becomes
linearly unstable via oscillatory instabilities, while the family of dipole
solitons remains stable in the entire domain of existence. In addition, we show
that an unstable vortex soliton breaks up either into a rotating dipole soliton
or into two rotating fundamental solitons.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
Toward a Systematic Holographic QCD: A Braneless Approach
Recently a holographic model of hadrons motivated by AdS/CFT has been
proposed to fit the low energy data of mesons. We point out that the infrared
physics can be developed in a more systematic manner by exploiting backreaction
of the nonperturbative condensates. We show that these condensates can
naturally provide the IR cutoff corresponding to confinement, thus removing
some of the ambiguities from the original formulation of the model. We also
show how asymptotic freedom can be incorporated into the theory, and the
substantial effect it has on the glueball spectrum and gluon condensate of the
theory. A simple reinterpretation of the holographic scale results in a
non-perturbative running for alpha_s which remains finite for all energies. We
also find the leading effects of adding the higher condensate into the theory.
The difficulties for such models to reproduce the proper Regge physics lead us
to speculate about extensions of our model incorporating tachyon condensation.Comment: 27 pages, LaTe
Instability of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interaction
We study the stability of a Bose-Einstein condensate of harmonically trapped
atoms with negative scattering length, specifically lithium 7. Our method is to
solve the time-dependent nonlinear Schrodinger equation numerically. For an
isolated condensate, with no gain or loss, we find that the system is stable
(apart from quantum tunneling) if the particle number N is less than a critical
number N_c. For N > N_c, the system collapses to high-density clumps in a
region near the center of the trap. The time for the onset of collapse is on
the order of 1 trap period. Within numerical uncertainty, the results are
consistent with the formation of a "black hole" of infinite density
fluctuations, as predicted by Ueda and Huang. We obtain numerically N_c
approximately 1251. We then include gain-loss mechanisms, i.e., the gain of
atoms from a surrounding "thermal cloud", and the loss due to two- and
three-body collisions. The number N now oscillates in a steady state, with a
period of about 145 trap periods. We obtain N_c approximately 1260 as the
maximum value in the oscillations.Comment: Email correspondence to [email protected] ; 18 pages and 9 EPS
figures, using REVTeX and BoxedEPS macro
Turbulent Thermalization
We study, analytically and with lattice simulations, the decay of coherent
field oscillations and the subsequent thermalization of the resulting
stochastic classical wave-field. The problem of reheating of the Universe after
inflation constitutes our prime motivation and application of the results. We
identify three different stages of these processes. During the initial stage of
``parametric resonance'', only a small fraction of the initial inflaton energy
is transferred to fluctuations in the physically relevant case of sufficiently
large couplings. A major fraction is transfered in the prompt regime of driven
turbulence. The subsequent long stage of thermalization classifies as free
turbulence. During the turbulent stages, the evolution of particle distribution
functions is self-similar. We show that wave kinetic theory successfully
describes the late stages of our lattice calculation. Our analytical results
are general and give estimates of reheating time and temperature in terms of
coupling constants and initial inflaton amplitude.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figure
Unitarity bounds on low scale quantum gravity
We study the unitarity of models with low scale quantum gravity both in four
dimensions and in models with a large extra-dimensional volume. We find that
models with low scale quantum gravity have problems with unitarity below the
scale at which gravity becomes strong. An important consequence of our work is
that their first signal at the Large Hadron Collider would not be of a
gravitational nature such as graviton emission or small black holes, but rather
linked to the mechanism which fixes the unitarity problem. We also study models
with scalar fields with non minimal couplings to the Ricci scalar. We consider
the strength of gravity in these models and study the consequences for
inflation models with non-minimally coupled scalar fields. We show that a
single scalar field with a large non-minimal coupling can lower the Planck mass
in the TeV region. In that model, it is possible to lower the scale at which
gravity becomes strong down to 14 TeV without violating unitarity below that
scale.Comment: 15 page
Not to normal order - Notes on the kinetic limit for weakly interacting quantum fluids
The derivation of the Nordheim-Boltzmann transport equation for weakly
interacting quantum fluids is a longstanding problem in mathematical physics.
Inspired by the method developed to handle classical dilute gases, a
conventional approach is the use of the BBGKY hierarchy for the time-dependent
reduced density matrices. In contrast, our contribution is motivated by the
kinetic theory of the weakly nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The main
observation is that the results obtained in the latter context carry over
directly to weakly interacting quantum fluids provided one does not insist on
normal order in the Duhamel expansion. We discuss the term by term convergence
of the expansion and the equilibrium time correlation .Comment: 43 pages, corrected typos, updated assumptions in sec.
Magnetization and specific heat of the dimer system CuTe2O5
We report on magnetization and specific heat measurements on
single-crystalline CuTe2O5. The experimental data are directly compared to
theoretical results for two different spin structures, namely an alternating
spin-chain and a two-dimensional (2D) coupled dimer model, obtained by Das et
al. [Phys. Rev. B 77, 224437 (2008)]. While the analysis of the specific heat
does not allow to distinguish between the two models, the magnetization data is
in good agreement with the 2D coupled dimer model.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ Π Π‘ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠ
Background: Essential tremor is one of the most prevalent extrapyramidal disorders, while treatment efficacy in such patients remains low. Clinical polymorphism of essential tremor requires aΒ differentiated treatment approach, that should be implemented with consideration of objective tremor parameters. Aim: To study efficacy of treatment of essential tremor based on tremorography. Materials and methods: We followed up 85Β patients with essential tremor (mean age, 69.05Β±1.2Β years) who were treated with anticonvulsants as monotherapy (primidone or topiramate), or with combination treatment with non-selective beta-blockers (propranolol), anxiolytics (hydroxizine, etifoxine) and aminophenylbutyric acid. During the treatment, we assessed changes in functional status by Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Severity Scale and by tremorography. Results: Under treatment with primidone, there was aΒ decrease in global tremor assessment of postural tremor (p=0.036) and of action tremor (p=0.001). During treatment with topiramate, there was aΒ decrease in global tremor assessment in all tests performed (p0.0002). Non-specific treatment (anxiolytics) exerted aΒ positive effect on the functional state of patients with essential tremor. Conclusion: Tremor amplitude and duration are the objective parameters that define its severity. The treatment guidelines for essential tremor in the elderly patients have been developed.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΒ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΒ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΒ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΒ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 85Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΒ β 69,05Β±1,2Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°) Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Β ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ) Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»), Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½) ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° FahnΒ β TolosaΒ β Marin, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΡΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° (p=0,036) ΠΈΒ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π° (p=0,001). ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
(p0,0002). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ) Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π²Β ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ° ΡΒ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ
Actual fecundity of the Arctic squid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda) based on the examination of a rarely encountered spent female
Gonatus fabricii (Lichtenstein, 1818) is an ecologically important squid that spends its entire life cycle within the Arctic where it is the most abundant cephalopod. Due to the rarity of mature and reproducing females, it is unknown how many eggs females spawn (actual fecundity). Among 47,000 specimens studied between 2005 and 2019 one spent, degenerated and gelatinous female with a mantle length of 230 mm was caught in West Greenland in 2019. Examination allowed the first detailed description of fecundity and spawning pattern in the species. Oocyte development shows that the most considerable maturation of mid-vitellogenic oocytes to late vitellogenic and then to ripe stages occurs immediately after the first ripe oocytes appear in the ovary. There were no ripe oocytes in the ovary or oviducts. The ovary contained an estimated 6561 oocytes and 2551 post-ovulatory follicles and hence the total fecundity was 9112. This specimen of G. fabricii realised 28.0% of its potential fecundity which is comparable to Berryteuthis magister, which also belongs to Gonatidae, and lower than in the majority of studied deep-sea squids (including other gonatids). Spent females may provide clues as to where the major spawning areas of this abundant but poorly known squid are located