Preventive maintenance data logger monitoring system

This research presents the Preventive Maintenance Data Logger (PMDL) Monitoring System and the process of how it has been manufactured. Preventive Maintenance Data Logger Monitoring System is a device which will collect the data from vehicle’s sensor for prevention maintenance and then save the data to other storage for future analysis. Preventive Maintenance Data Logger Monitoring System also can send notification to user for crash prevention. This project comprises of mechanical system, electronic system, and software system. The methodology of the Preventive Maintenance Data Logger system and prototype development is discussed in this paper on the manufacturing processes. The software is programmed using C language in Arduino software and the notification for preventive are develop using BLYNK application. Manufacturing processes involves in making this project, including additive manufacturing, welding and cutting. Several test case studies were conducted to verify the capability of the device in term of the vehicle speed, location, crash point data, distance between other vehicles detection and reliability

Assessment of corrosion on buried metallic pipeline induced by AC interference below high transmission line

High voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission line is usually shared the same right of way with buried metallic pipeline. Long-term exposure of inductive coupling on buried metallic pipeline will cause AC corrosion at any coating defects on the pipeline. In the West Coast of Malay Peninsula, the AC-induced corrosion is not well studied, and the preventive maintenance is not taken into consideration by some of the pipeline operators. The objective of this paper is to assess AC corrosion susceptibility of the buried metallic multiproduct pipeline (MPP), which is cross or parallel to the HVAC along West Coast of Malay Peninsula. This MPP is laid from Sg. Udang, Melaka to distribution terminal in Dengkil, Selangor with approximate distance of 130 km. It was identified that along the pipeline routing, only 16 locations of MPP sections are cross and parallel to the HVAC. Standard industrial practice and equipment were used to conduct this corrosion assessment. Cathodic protection (CP) potential and AC output are measured using multimeter, clampmeter and Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode. While soil resistivity is determined by using soil resistivity meter with the native soil sample at site. Magnetic field magnitude is determined by using Biot-Savart Law formula. The current density is calculated for each MPP sections, and the pipeline sections that are in the risk of AC corrosion are determined. On the other hand, the CP system affected by stray current are further analyzed. Three locations indexed as (TP 43, TP 102 and TP105) are found under risk of AC corrosion, which is in the range of 20–100 A/m2. As per standard industry practice such as NACE SP-0169 and PTS 30.10.73.10, AC corrosion is unpredictable for AC current density in between above-stated range. These three locations have the highest AC voltage output, the lowest soil resistivity value and the CP potential measured are under protected value. However, the effect of magnitude of magnetic field has no compelling correlation on the AC corrosion activity. In conclusion, AC voltage, soil resistivity and CP potential at the crossing and parallel section to the HVAC play a significant role to the behavior and severity of the AC corrosion on the metallic buried pipeline

Tourists’ Perceptions of Insects as the Determinants of Insect Conservation through Entomological Ecotourism

Insects are commonly featured in recreation and tourism around the world, despite the generally negative public perception surrounding them. Many people enjoy watching butterflies in insectarium gardens, observing and collecting dragonflies, and admiring the light displays of fireflies. In many cases, activities like these are becoming increasingly popular and these positive interactions with insects encourage public appreciation of insects, but vary acuities in their forms and approaches. Thus, understanding the pattern of insect appearances in recreation and tourism activities in a variety of discernments can provide important insights into effective ways of promoting insect conservation through ecotourism, which is often overlooked in biodiversity conservation strategies. However, these types of interdisciplinary studies are relatively new and remain limited in both entomology and tourism sciences. A field survey was carried out at Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, where a 1 kilometre entomological ecotourism trail was designed and developed to incorporate insects in enhancing ecotourism at the reserve. Insects that can be found along the 1 kilometre trail were recorded and the collection was conducted using baited traps and sweep netting. Based on the insects survey, the Shannon Diversity Index (H’) of Kangkawat is 4.60 while Simpson Index is 176.72 with Fisher Alpha Index at 313.3 that concludes Kangkawat Research Station insect richness to be the second highest after the Crocker Range. In adressing the knowledge gaps between insect conservation and ecotourism, a survey on attitudes towards insects was designed and then completed by 384 tourists around Kota Kinabalu City. The standardized questionnaire known as the Personal Meaning of Insects Map (PMIM) was administered to tourists and their responses were elicited prior to and after observing insect photos. The results shows that “spider” had the 100% connectivity in response to the most detested insect based on their previous encounters with insects. This result shows that there is an existing entomology knowledge gap among the respondents, indicating the need for further interventions in terms of nature interpretation. Therefore a quality guided nature interpretation as an educational tool should take into account how the general public understands (or misunderstands) insects further and where interpretive information could be better applied if we are to develop management and educational tools that address human-insect encounters