Enthalpy of cooperative hydrogen bonding in complexes of tertiary amines with aliphatic alcohols: Calorimetric study

The work is devoted to the investigation of thermodynamics of specific interaction of the tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines with associated solvents as which aliphatic alcohols were taken. Solution enthalpies of aliphatic alcohols in amines (tri-n-propylamine, 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, N-methylimidazole) as well as amines in alcohols were measured at infinite dilution. The enthalpies of specific interaction (H-bonding) in systems studied were determined based on experimental data. The enthalpies of specific interaction of amines in aliphatic alcohols significantly lower than the enthalpies of hydrogen bonding in complexes amine-alcohol of 1:1 composition determined in base media due to the reorganization of aliphatic alcohols as solvents. The determination of solvent reorganization contribution makes possible to define the hydrogen bonding enthalpies of amines with clusters of alcohols. Obtained enthalpies of hydrogen bonding in multi-particle complexes are sensitive to the influence of cooperative effect. It was shown, that hydrogen bond cooperativity factors in multi-particle complexes of alcohols with amines are approximately equal for all alcohols when pyridines and N-methylimidazole as solutes are used. At the same time, H-bonding cooperativity factors in complexes of trialkylamines with associative species of alcohols decrease with increasing of alkyl radical length in alcohol and amine molecules. This work shows that the thermodynamic functions of specific interaction of solutes with associated solvents cannot be described using the H-bond parameters for the complexes of 1:1 composition. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Benchmark Thermodynamic Properties of Methyl- and Methoxybenzamides: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Study

© 2016 American Chemical Society.The enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-CH3-benzamide, as well as for 2-CH3O-benzamide, were measured by using combustion calorimetry. Vapor pressures of the isomeric CH3- and CH3O-benzamides were measured by using the transpiration method. The enthalpies of sublimation/vaporization of these compounds at 298 K were obtained from temperature dependencies of vapor pressures. The enthalpies of solution of the isomeric CH3- and CH3O-benzamides were measured with solution calorimetry. The enthalpies of sublimation of m- and p-substituted benzamides were independently derived with help of a solution calorimetry-based procedure. The enthalpies of fusion of the CH3-benzamides were derived from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Thermochemical data on CH3- and CH3O-benzamides were collected, evaluated, and tested for internal consistency. A simple incremental procedure was suggested for a quick appraisal of vaporization enthalpies of substituted benzamides. The high-level G4 quantum-chemical method was used for mutual validation of the experimental and theoretical gas-phase enthalpies of formation. A remarkable ability of the G4-based atomization procedure to calculate reliable enthalpies of formation was established for the set of aliphatic and aromatic amides. An outlook for the proper validation of the G4-AT procedure was discussed

Virtual reality in foreign language training at higher educational institutions

The paper deals with the urgent problem of application of virtual reality in foreign language training. Statistical data confirms that the number of smartphone users, Internet users, including wireless Internet users, has been increasing for recent years in Ukraine and tends to grow. The coherence of quick mobile Internet access and presence of supplementary equipment enables to get trained or to self-dependently advance due to usage of virtual reality possibilities for education in the stationary classrooms, at home and in motion. Several important features of virtual reality, its advantages for education are discussed. It is noted that virtual reality is remaining a relatively new technology in language learning. Benefits from virtual reality implementation into foreign language learning and teaching are given. The aspects of immersion and gamification in foreign language learning are considered. It is emphasized that virtual reality creates necessary preconditions for motivation increasing. The results of the survey at two higher education institution as to personal experience in using VR applications for learning foreign languages are presented. Most students at both universities have indicated quite a low virtual reality application usage. Six popular virtual reality applications for foreign language learning (Mondly, VRSpeech, VR Learn English, Gold Lotus, AltSpaceVR and VirtualSpeech) are analyzed. It is stated that the most preferred VR application for foreign language learning includes detailed virtual environment for maximal immersion, high- level visual effects similar to video games, simple avatar control, thorough material selection and complete complicity level accordance of every element and aspect, affordability, helpful and unobtrusive following up

Complex estimation of fitness training systems and women's somatic health of the first period mature age

The aimis to investigate if the overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) impact on the quality of life (QOL) of children with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods: The study included 73 children aged 7 – 17, with moderate BA. Depending on the body mass index, patients were divided into the three clinical groups: normal body weight (NW) – 30 children, OW – 28 children and OB – 15 children. QOL was conducted by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). The statistical processing was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Base (version 22) and EZR version 1.32. Results were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Children with BA and OB had statistically lower QOL than children with BA and NW in all PAQLQ domains. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the different weight groups of children with BA both for the general QOL: H(2) = 37.51, p<0.001and for each rating scale separately. Pairwise comparisons using Steel-Dwass test indicated that scores of NW were observed to be significantly different from those of OW and OB for rating Activity and Symptoms scales (p<0.001). Conclusion: Comorbid OW and OB reduce the specific QOL of children with BA. In assessing the effectiveness of specific approaches to treating BA in children with OW and OB, an assessment of the QOL of children should be added to the traditional common clinical and laboratory assessment

Virtual reality in foreign language training at higher educational institutions

The paper deals with the urgent problem of application of virtual reality in foreign language training. Statistical data confirms that the number of smartphone users, Internet users, including wireless Internet users, has been increasing for recent years in Ukraine and tends to grow. The coherence of quick mobile Internet access and presence of supplementary equipment enables to get trained or to self-dependently advance due to usage of virtual reality possibilities for education in the stationary classrooms, at home and in motion. Several important features of virtual reality, its advantages for education are discussed. It is noted that virtual reality is remaining a relatively new technology in language learning. Benefits from virtual reality implementation into foreign language learning and teaching are given. The aspects of immersion and gamification in foreign language learning are considered. It is emphasized that virtual reality creates necessary preconditions for motivation increasing. The results of the survey at two higher education institution as to personal experience in using VR applications for learning foreign languages are presented. Most students at both universities have indicated quite a low virtual reality application usage. Six popular virtual reality applications for foreign language learning (Mondly, VRSpeech, VR Learn English, Gold Lotus, AltSpaceVR and VirtualSpeech) are analyzed. It is stated that the most preferred VR application for foreign language learning includes detailed virtual environment for maximal immersion, highlevel visual effects similar to video games, simple avatar control, thorough material selection and complete complicity level accordance of every element and aspect, affordability, helpful and unobtrusive following up

Benchmark thermochemistry of methylbenzonitriles: Experimental and theoretical study

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The gas-phase enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzonitrile at T = 298.15 K were studied by combustion calorimetry, and their vaporization enthalpies were determined using the transpiration method. The composite ab initio methods W1-F12 and G4 were used to calculate the gas-phase enthalpies of formation for these three methylbenzonitriles. These theoretical values were found to be in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The analysis of these data revealed that the interaction between cyano and methyl groups is slightly stabilizing. Using the experimental data a set of group-additivity terms, which allows to estimate thermochemical properties for methyl and cyano substituted benzenes, was proposed. These terms, together with theoretical data, were subsequently used to reassess the thermochemical properties of 2,6-dimethylbenzonitrile and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile

EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF APOPTOSIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STABLE STRONTIUM EXPOSURE

Apoptosis is defined as a highly regulated form of programmed cell death with typical morphological and biochemical features. A variety of factors, including heavy metals, may influence the intensity of programmed cell death. The aim of the work was to simulate apoptosis in an in vitrosystem under the conditions of stable strontium exposure. The children’s population consuming drinking water with high strontium (Sr2+) content (n = 49) was observed. The level of lymphocyte apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry technique, by means of labeled annexin V-FITC conjugate (AnnV-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. AnnV-FITC+PI- cells were regarded as early apoptotic forms, whereas late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells were AnnV-FITC+PI+. The isolated leukocytes were incubated with Sr2+ at a concentration of 7.0 mg/l, the maximal permitted concentration (MPC) for water of aqueous objects, for 4 hours at 37 ºC. Expression of CD95 and p53 apoptosis markers was performed by flow cytometry using labeled monoclonal antibodies.In vitroexposure to strontium was associated with significantly decreased expression of apoptosisregulating factors, i.e., membrane marker CD95 and intracellular transcription protein p53, 1.56- and 1.68-fold, respectively. Meanwhile, we revealed a significantly (4.68-fold) decreased amounts of AnnV-FITC+PI--cells, as well as a statistically significant (1.35-fold) increase of the AnnV-FITC+PI+-cells. Moreover, the amounts of AnnV-FITC+ PI--lymphocytes in all samples were below the physiological ranges and control values. The number of samples with higher contents of AnnV-FITC+PI+-lymphocyte exceeding the established standards and control values, was 30.8%. Thus, it has been experimentally proven that strontium, at a concentration corresponding to MPC for water objects may significantly inhibit cell death along apoptotic pathways, with switching to necrotic cell death mechanisms, according to phosphatidylserine contents, as detected by annexin V binding test. The data have revealed an ability of strontium to have a significant effect upon the parameters of regulation and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, by influencing the apoptosis intensity, due to shifting a balance towards necrosis and reducing expression of apoptosis-regulating factors. The results of this study may be used in order to identify some marker indexes of immune disorders potentially induced by external influence of strontium upon human health under specific environmental factors

Teaching a professional foreign language to specialists in various industries

Orlova O. O. Teaching a professional foreign language to specialists in various industries. / O. O. Orlova, S. V. Namestyuk, N. R. Smolikevych, N. Bytsko, K. I. Zaitseva // International Journal of Higher Education. ‒ ISSN 1927-6044 (Print). ‒ ISSN 1927-6052 (Online). ‒ Vol. 9. ‒ No. 7. ‒ 2020. ‒ P. 59-72. http://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/ijhe/article/view/18565This article discusses the main tools and methods of teaching a professional foreign language. Theoretical and practical bases of the organization of the process of introduction and implementation of technologies in teaching foreign languages in higher education are considered and analyzed. The systematization of general trends taking into account domestic and foreign scientific experience is carried out. It also presents the points of view of various scientists on the relevance of studying this topic, formulated recommendations for the introduction of modern effective experience in the practice of foreign language lecturers. The actual task of education, in the trend of globalizing world processes, is teaching a professional foreign language. The development of international cooperation in the fields of education, medicine, natural, technical, and economic sciences requires the study and constant improvement of foreign languages. The existing problems of education require a comprehensive solution. This solution will be achieved using the program-target method. The weakest skill among university students was oral speech. This indicates that conversational skills are a weak point, which is confirmed during observations of classes. A survey of 500 students showed that speaking classes were rated significantly higher than classes for practicing other skills. Thus the aim of the article is a theoretical analysis of scientific approaches of researchers to the problem of teaching a professional foreign language for specialists in various fields. У статті розглядаються основні інструменти та методи навчання професійної іноземної мови. Розглянуто та проаналізовано теоретичні та практичні основи організації процесу впровадження нових технологій навчання іноземним мовам у вищій школі. Проведено систематизацію загальних тенденцій з урахуванням вітчизняного та зарубіжного наукового досвіду. Також представлені точки зору різних вчених на актуальність вивчення даної теми, сформульовано рекомендації щодо впровадження сучасного ефективного досвіду в практику викладачів іноземних мов. Актуальним завданням освіти в тренді глобалізації світових процесів є викладання професійної іноземної мови. Розвиток міжнародної співпраці в галузі освіти, медицини, природничих, технічних та економічних наук вимагає вивчення та постійного вдосконалення володіння іноземними мовами. Існуючі проблеми освіти потребують комплексного вирішення. Це рішення буде досягнуто за допомогою програмно-цільового методу. Найслабшим умінням серед студентів університету виявилося усне мовлення. Це свідчить про те, що розмовні навички ‒ це слабке місце, що підтверджується під час спостережень за заняттями. Опитування 500 студентів показало, що мовні класи оцінюються значно вище, ніж класи для відпрацювання інших навичок. Таким чином, метою статті є теоретичний аналіз наукових підходів дослідників до проблеми викладання професійної іноземної мови для фахівців різних галузей. В этой статье рассматриваются основные инструменты и методы обучения профессиональному иностранному языку. Рассмотрены и проанализированы теоретические и практические основы организации процесса внедрения новых технологий обучения иностранным языкам в высшей школе. Проведена систематизация общих тенденций с учетом отечественного и зарубежного научного опыта. Также представлены точки зрения различных ученых на актуальность изучения данной темы, сформулированы рекомендации по внедрению современного эффективного опыта в практику преподавателей иностранных языков. Актуальной задачей образования в условиях глобализации мировых процессов является обучение профессиональному иностранному языку. Развитие международного сотрудничества в области образования, медицины, естественных, технических и экономических наук требует изучения и постоянного совершенствования уровня владения иностранными языками. Существующие проблемы образования требуют комплексного решения. Это решение будет достигнуто программно-целевым методом. Самым слабым навыком у студентов вузов была устная речь. Это свидетельствует о том, что разговорные навыки являются слабым местом, что подтверждается при наблюдении за занятиями. Опрос 500 студентов показал, что уроки разговорной речи были оценены значительно выше, чем классы для отработки других навыков. Таким образом, целью статьи является теоретический анализ научных подходов исследователей к проблеме обучения профессиональному иностранному языку специалистов различного профиля

Sanitary protection of the territory of Russian Federation. Report 2. The differentiation of the territory of a region of Russian Federation for risk of diseases dangerous for people

The risk of emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare associated with diseases dangerous for population varies for different municipalities of a region of Russian Federation. Therefore a differentiation of a region for three types of territories (A, B, C) is necessary. Adequate number of sanitary protection measures is determined for each type of territories. The purpose of this study was the development of methodical reception for differentiation of a region of Russian Federation. Point scoping of criteria of external and. internal epidemiological risks for each of municipality is proposed as this method. Criteria of external epidemiological risk allow to take into account the probability of the importation of infectious diseases, requiring measures for sanitary protection of the territory. Criteria of internal epidemiological risk reflect both actual and. potential dangers: morbidity, the registration of particular nosologic forms of diseases in animals and. detection of pathogens in the living and. non-living environment objects. Assessment of internal risk is carried out in the analysis of information about epizootic and. epidemiological situation of infectious diseases, the list of which is proposed, with, consideration of their epidemiological significance and. can be used for any Russian Federation region. According to the results of total assessment of risks for each of municipalities the complex index of epidemiological risk (CIER) is determined. On the basis of CIER the territory type (A, B, C) is determined. Type A, B or C defines for the municipality the volume of measures for sanitary protection of the territory on the basis of a sufficient level for preparedness of forces and means of public health institutions. The method, based, on the assessment of external and. internal epidemiological risks, that allows to differentiate the region of Russian Federation, at municipal level for risk of diseases dangerous for people, is proposed, as the result of this work. A new methodical approach, will contribute to the increase of the preparedness of public health, institutions to emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare associated, with, diseases dangerous for people

One Hundred Years of Observations of the Be Star HDE 245770 (the X-ray Binary A0535+26/V725 Tau): The End of an Active Phase

UBV observations of the X-ray binary system A0535+26/V725 Tau at the Crimean Station of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute in 1980-1998 are presented. Based on our and published data, we analyze the photometric history of the star from 1898.Comment: Translated from Pis'ma Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2000, pp. 13-2