14 research outputs found

    Ограничения конституционных прав и свобод и юридические препятствия в их реализации

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    The article is devoted to the ratio of restrictions of rights and freedoms and legal obstacles as the phenomena of legal life. It makes conclusions that the legal restrictions of rights and freedoms as a general rule cannot be regarded as legal obstacles; restrictions that do not meet the constitutional conditions of legality are legal obstacles that are surmountable judicially, while the judicial assessment is a judicially significant criterion of the difference between legal restrictions and obstaclesСтатья посвящена соотношению ограничений прав и свобод и юридических препятствий как явлений правовой жизни. Обоснованы выводами о том, что законные ограничения прав и свобод по общему правилу не могут рассматриваться в качестве юридических препятствий; ограничения, не отвечающие конституционным условиям правомерности, являются юридическими препятствиями, преодолимыми в судебном порядке. При этом судебная оценка выступает юридически значимым критерием различия правовых ограничений и препятстви

    Large family with both parents affected by distinct BRCA1 mutations: implications for genetic testing

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    Although the probability of both parents being affected by BRCA1 mutations is not negligible, such families have not been systematically described in the literature. Here we present a large breast-ovarian cancer family, where 3 sisters and 1 half-sister inherited maternal BRCA1 5382insC mutation while the remaining 2 sisters carried paternal BRCA1 1629delC allele. No BRCA1 homozygous mutations has been detected, that is consistent with the data on lethality of BRCA1 knockout mice. This report exemplifies that the identification of a single cancer-predisposing mutation within the index patient may not be sufficient in some circumstances. Ideally, all family members affected by breast or ovarian tumor disease have to be subjected to the DNA testing, and failure to detect the mutation in any of them calls for the search of the second cancer-associated allele

    Dengue Virus Ensures Its Fusion in Late Endosomes Using Compartment-Specific Lipids

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    Many enveloped viruses invade cells via endocytosis and use different environmental factors as triggers for virus-endosome fusion that delivers viral genome into cytosol. Intriguingly, dengue virus (DEN), the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus that infects up to 100 million people each year, fuses only in late endosomes, while activation of DEN protein fusogen glycoprotein E is triggered already at pH characteristic for early endosomes. Are there any cofactors that time DEN fusion to virion entry into late endosomes? Here we show that DEN utilizes bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a lipid specific to late endosomes, as a co-factor for its endosomal acidification-dependent fusion machinery. Effective virus fusion to plasma- and intracellular- membranes, as well as to protein-free liposomes, requires the target membrane to contain anionic lipids such as bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and phosphatidylserine. Anionic lipids act downstream of low-pH-dependent fusion stages and promote the advance from the earliest hemifusion intermediates to the fusion pore opening. To reach anionic lipid-enriched late endosomes, DEN travels through acidified early endosomes, but we found that low pH-dependent loss of fusogenic properties of DEN is relatively slow in the presence of anionic lipid-free target membranes. We propose that anionic lipid-dependence of DEN fusion machinery protects it against premature irreversible restructuring and inactivation and ensures viral fusion in late endosomes, where the virus encounters anionic lipids for the first time during entry. Currently there are neither vaccines nor effective therapies for DEN, and the essential role of the newly identified DEN-bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate interactions in viral genome escape from the endosome suggests a novel target for drug design

    Is HIV-1 evolving to a less virulent form in humans?

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    Ограничения конституционных прав и свобод и юридические препятствия в их реализации

    No full text
    The article is devoted to the ratio of restrictions of rights and freedoms and legal obstacles as the phenomena of legal life. It makes conclusions that the legal restrictions of rights and freedoms as a general rule cannot be regarded as legal obstacles; restrictions that do not meet the constitutional conditions of legality are legal obstacles that are surmountable judicially, while the judicial assessment is a judicially significant criterion of the difference between legal restrictions and obstaclesСтатья посвящена соотношению ограничений прав и свобод и юридических препятствий как явлений правовой жизни. Обоснованы выводами о том, что законные ограничения прав и свобод по общему правилу не могут рассматриваться в качестве юридических препятствий; ограничения, не отвечающие конституционным условиям правомерности, являются юридическими препятствиями, преодолимыми в судебном порядке. При этом судебная оценка выступает юридически значимым критерием различия правовых ограничений и препятстви

    Twisted Few-Mode Optical Fiber with Improved Height of Quasi-Step Refractive Index Profile

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    This work presents designed and fabricated silica few-mode optical fiber (FMF) with induced twisting 10 and 66 revolutions per meter, core diameter 11 µm, typical “telecommunication” cladding diameter 125 µm, improved height of quasi-step refractive index profile and numerical aperture 0.22. Proposed FMF supports 4 guided modes over “C”-band. We discussed selection of specified optical fiber parameters to provide desired limited mode number over mentioned wavelength range. Some results of tests, performed with pilot samples of manufactured FMF, are represented, including experimentally measured spectral responses of laser-excited optical signals, that comprise researches and analysis of few-mode effects, occurring after fiber Bragg grating writing
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