Coupling strength control in photonic crystal/photonic wire multiple cavity devices

Resonance splitting has been demonstrated for two coupled micro-cavities with control of the free spectral range between the resonance peaks, together with a normalised transmission level of approximately 60%. Coupled micro-cavity-based structures that were separated by two closely spaced in-line coupler sections between the two micro-cavities have also been successfully fabricated and measured. The coupling strength of the two cavities was controlled via the use of hole tapering in the middle section between the two cavities. 2D finite-difference time-domain simulation shows close agreement with the results of measurements

Advancing the performance of one-dimensional photonic crystal/photonic wire micro-cavities in silicon-on-insulator

We present new results that demonstrate advances in the performance achievable in photonic crystal/photonic wire micro-cavities. In one example, a quality-factor value as high as 147,000 has been achieved experimentally at a useful transmission level

Design and fabrication of high quality-factor 1-d photonic crystal/photonic wire extended microcavities

We have successfully demonstrated experimentally the fabrication and measurement of high quality-factor one-dimensional photonic crystal/photonic wire extended cavities based on silicon-on-insulator. The cavities that we have investigated ranged from 3 to 8 m in length. A quality-factor of nearly 74 000 was measured at a cavity length of 5 m through the use of tapering both within and outside the cavity, showing good agreement with the finite-difference time-domain simulation approach use

Response Surface Approach to Optical Channel Dropping Filter Design Parameters Optimization

The objective of this paper is to optimise the design parameters for the optical channel dropping filter, which is based on the microring resonator topology. The most important parameters to determine the performance of the microring channel optical filter are the waveguide width, gap, core thickness and ring radius. The determination of parameters by classical experimental design methods requires a large amount of experimental data, which has been found to be costly and time-consuming. To overcome this drawback, a design of experiment (DOE) methods of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. This paper employed the RSM design analysis in evaluating the performance of the microring resonator with different design parameters settings. Upon completion, the RSM shows that the optimum condition can be achieved when the ring radius is 5.50μm, a gap of 200nm, waveguide width of 418 nm and core thickness of 220 nm. In conclusion, for optimized performance of the channel dropping filter, design conditions within the range demonstrated in this study are suggested

The Impact of Gate-Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) on Scaled MOSFETs for Low Power Device

In this research, we investigated the impact of Gate-Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) on scaled Metal-OxideSemiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) for low power application. The output of this research determined the implications of GIDL on the performance of MOSFET with various sizes that are supplied via low voltage power. The MOSFET design parameters were proposed by referring to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), 2011 edition. SILVACO’s DEVEDIT and ATLAS software was used for this research to design a device structure and obtain output characteristics. Three MOSFETs with different physical gate length and several other parameters were designed and simulated. From the extracted data, it shows that as the size of MOSFET physical gate length become smaller, the leakage current tends to be higher. Apart from GIDL current (IGIDL) value, the “ON” current (ION) value and threshold voltage (VTH) value also been extracted for all MOSFET designs

Correlation of open cell structure with properties of green rubber foam from epoxidised natural rubber/reclaimed rubber glove / M.A. Mahamood...[et al.]

A promising impact absorber foam material was produced from epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) and reclaimed rubber (RR) with the addition of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) as a blowing agent. This study is part of our effort to develop green rubber foam from reclaimed rubber from glove. It focuses on the effect of different ENR/RR ratio of 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 and 0/100. The samples were prepared by melt compounding using a Haake internal mixer and expanded via two step heat transfer foaming process. The physical characteristics (expansion ratio, density and water absorption) and impact absorption by drop ball testing of ENR/RR foams were studied. The results showed significant correlation between the rubber blend ratios with generated pore structures towards the properties of the foams. From the experimental values, ENR/RR with the ratio of 90/10 yielded the rubber foam with the highest relative density of 0.85 as well as the lowest water absorption rate of 0.1 g/hrs. This foam cell characteristics resulted in improved energy absorption behaviour. Sample with optimum pore size of ~0.36 mm shows the highest energy absorption of up to 0.65 joules compared to others

Performance of Different Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) Structures for Optical Modulator

An optical modulator is a device that electrically controls the output phase and the output amplitude of the optical signal. This paper analyzes the performance of different structures of the MZI as an optical modulator. This project compares the performance of Y-coupler and MMI coupler as Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) modulator on the SiliconOn-Insulator (SOI). This project used OptiBPM software and OptiSys for designing the structures and performance analysis. The performance has been analyzed based on the insertion loss, extinction ratio, phase shift and modulation efficiency. MMIcoupler design shows better performance with reduced insertion loss and better modulation efficiency of 2.53% and 17% respectively than that of the Y-coupler. Furthermore, the extinction ratio and phase shift of MMI coupler show an increment about 8.35% and 7.96% respectively when analyzed as the optical modulator. Therefore, the MMI coupler as MZI modulator exhibits better performance than the Y-coupler

The prediction of suspended solids of river in forested catchment using artificial neural network

This study presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model that is able to predict suspended solids concentrations in forested catchment namely Berring River, Kelantan, Malaysia.The network was trained using data collected during a period of 13 days in April 2001. The sampling location was established in the middle section of the river for collecting water samples. The study was carried out for a duration of two weeks in April 2001. The water sample was collected at 60% of the total depth from the river bed for every two hours starting from 6:00 am to 12:00 midnight for the whole duration of the study period. In this study five parameters were selected as input parameter for the network which are turbidity, flow velocity, depth, width, and weather condition of during the sampling period, while suspended solids as desire output. The data fed to the neural network were divided into two set: a training set and testing set. 116 of the data were used in training set and 24 remained as testing set. A network of the model was detected automatically by the network to give good predictions for both training and testing data set. A partitioning method of the connection weights of the network was used to study the relative percentage contribution of each of the input variables. It was found that turbidity and river width gives 73.03% and 24.73% each. The performance of the neural network model was measured by computing the correlation coefficient which gives the value of 0.93. It’s shown that the neural network gives superior predictions. Based on the results of this study, ANN modeling appears to be a promising technique for the prediction of suspended solids. Dynamic Metadata(s