PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER IN VERY YOUNG AGE (LESS THAN 30 YEARS)

Purpose: Breast cancer diagnosed at a younger age has aggressive biology being triple negative and high grade and is associated with poor prognosis.Materials and Methods: Retrospectively data of 121 patients age 30 years or younger registered during the year 2008 were reviewed. Data were extracted from the cancer registry department of the institute. Demographics studied were the age at diagnosis, gender, pregnancy or lactation association, family history of breast cancer, histopathological diagnosis, and stage of the disease, receptors, type of treatment, response, local recurrence, distant relapse, and survival. Results: A total of 121 patients with age 30 years or less were included. An only a single patient was male. The age range was from 20 to 30 years; bilateral involvement was seen in a single patient. Almost half 50.4% (n = 61) patients had locally advanced disease at presentation. Pregnancy/lactation-associated breast cancer was seen in 29.8% (n = 36). The most common stage was Stage III (52.1%) and Stage II (33.9%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histology 94.2% (n = 114) of patients; triple negative was the most common molecular subtype present in 46.3% (n = 56). Chemotherapy was received by 92.6% (n = 112), 88.4% (n = 107) patients received radiation therapy. Modi ed radical mastectomy was performed in 57% (n = 69), breast conservation surgery in 35.5% (n = 43), follow- up period was 5 years, local recurrence was observed in 12.4% (n = 15) and cancer related deaths were 42.1% (n = 51). Conclusions: Breast cancer in very young has very aggressive tumour biology, needs aggressive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Key words: Breast cancer, pregnancy-associated aggressive tumour biology, triplenegative, young

Highly efficient sustainable photocatalytic Z-scheme hydrogen production from an α-Fe2O3 engineered ZnCdS heterostructure

We present an α-Fe2O3/Zn0.4Cd0.6S heterostructure that shows visible light photocatalytic H2 production as high as 536.8μmolh−1 with apparent quantum efficiency of 11.2% at 420nm. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of as-synthesized α-Fe2O3/Zn0.4Cd0.6S heterostructure reveal efficient absorption in the visible region, which is a key factor in the enhanced catalytic activity. Moreover, the increase in charge separation efficiency of α-Fe2O3/Zn0.4Cd0.6S suggested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photocurrent response also results in enhanced photocatalytic H2 production. The interface contact between α-Fe2O3 and Zn0.4Cd0.6S ascertained from HRTEM images promotes the recombination of photogenerated electrons from the conduction band of α-Fe2O3 and holes from the valence band of Zn0.4Cd0.6S, thus enhancing the utilization of solar light and increasing the efficiency. Our coupling approach to synthesizing an efficient Z-scheme photocatalyst provides insight into the design of further solar energy utilization photocatalysts.- USTC/Anhui Government Scholarships programme - CAS-TWAS President's Fellowship programme. - Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation) - grant # NPRP [9—219-2-105]

Smart electrical appliances application for UTHM Pagoh Residential College

The user’s irresponsible attitude in controlling electrical switches lead to electricity waste. To propose an alternative way to reduce power consumptions at UTHM Pagoh Residential College, the Smart Electrical Appliances Application for UTHM Pagoh Residential College that blends Internet of Things (IoT) with electrical appliances, has been developed to provide an efficient method for users to control the appliances by using their smartphones. It is based on one room at UTHM Pagoh residential college and equipped with light bulbs and a fan with a DC motor. This project was made to reduce the cost of electricity and assist college residents in managing their daily life properly and encourage more efficient and convenient electricity usage using IoT technology. The agile development methodology has been chosen as it deems suitable for this project as it requires multiple improvements that was based on 6 phases which are planning, design, development, testing, deployment, and review. We have developed an IoT application by using C++ programming language that is used to connect the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module with the Blynk application to control the electrical appliances through smartphones while the voice control function with using Google Assistant also is applied for this project using the IFTT software. The interaction between user and Blynk application will send a signal to the Wi-Fi module that will interact with the relay module which will result in the switching ON or OFF of the electrical appliances. As a result, this project will be able to give its' users the opportunity to benefit it to experience the technology advancement, ease their daily life and conserve the electrical supply at the same time. In the future, this project can be used as reference at UTHM Pagoh Residential College to apply its' concept to their rooms to simplify the resident's life and preserve the electrical suppl

PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER IN VERY YOUNG AGE (LESS THAN 30 YEARS)

Purpose: Breast cancer diagnosed at a younger age has aggressive biology being triple negative and high grade and is associated with poor prognosis.Materials and Methods: Retrospectively data of 121 patients age 30 years or younger registered during the year 2008 were reviewed. Data were extracted from the cancer registry department of the institute. Demographics studied were the age at diagnosis, gender, pregnancy or lactation association, family history of breast cancer, histopathological diagnosis, and stage of the disease, receptors, type of treatment, response, local recurrence, distant relapse, and survival. Results: A total of 121 patients with age 30 years or less were included. An only a single patient was male. The age range was from 20 to 30 years; bilateral involvement was seen in a single patient. Almost half 50.4% (n = 61) patients had locally advanced disease at presentation. Pregnancy/lactation-associated breast cancer was seen in 29.8% (n = 36). The most common stage was Stage III (52.1%) and Stage II (33.9%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histology 94.2% (n = 114) of patients; triple negative was the most common molecular subtype present in 46.3% (n = 56). Chemotherapy was received by 92.6% (n = 112), 88.4% (n = 107) patients received radiation therapy. Modi ed radical mastectomy was performed in 57% (n = 69), breast conservation surgery in 35.5% (n = 43), follow- up period was 5 years, local recurrence was observed in 12.4% (n = 15) and cancer related deaths were 42.1% (n = 51). Conclusions: Breast cancer in very young has very aggressive tumour biology, needs aggressive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Key words: Breast cancer, pregnancy-associated aggressive tumour biology, triplenegative, young

Carbon nitride embedded MnO2 nanospheres decorated with low-content Pt nanoparticles as highly efficient and durable electrode material for solid state supercapacitors

The provoking energy crises attracted and stimulated higher attention towards energy storage devices. Solid state supercapacitors proved to be one of the promising power devices for the storage and utilization of electrical energy. There are number of strategies have been adopted to develop and modify electrode material for supercapacitors application. Herein, we have synthesized highly active and durable hybrid electrode material for supercapacitors by decoration of low-content Pt nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nitride embedded MnO2 nanospheres. The morphology and crystallite structure of as-developed hybrid electrode material was confirmed by physical characterization tools. The conductive behavior of as-developed material was characterized by field emission and electrical properties. The practical capacitive performance was analyzed by detailed electrochemical measurements. The enhanced capacitive properties of as-developed Pt/MnO2/C3N4 nanocomposite can be mainly attributed to the increase of the conductivity of high surface area resulting in better diffusion channel for electrolyte ions and electrons in MnO2 nanospheres due to the presence of Pt nanoparticles. Durable and stable cycling performance was ascribed favourable interaction of the components in nanocomposite.The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This work was made possible by NPRP grant # 9-219-2-105 from the Qatar National Research Fund (A Member of The Qatar Foundation). The finding achieved herein is solely the responsibility of the authors. This work is also supported by USTC and Anhui Government Scholarship programmes.Scopu

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of Pt3Pd1 Alloys Supported on CeO2/C for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with noble metals based anode and cathode is a promising energy generator to portable power devices. However, the deterioration of catalyst performance suffered by CO poisoning, crossover of fuel from anode to cathode, and higher economical cost of such devices hinder their commercialization. Herein, all of the above issues have been neutralized and crossed the huge hump of faced challenges. Highly efficient, durable, and surfactant-free catalyst with ultralow Pt3Pd1 loadings supported on CeO2/C was synthesized. The ex-situ and in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques such as, CV, in situ FTIR, and online DEMS studies confirm the highly efficient activity of catalyst toward electro-oxidation of methanol. In addition, the critical and detailed analysis of RDE results prove the superiority of the present material for electro-reduction of oxygen along a cathode side. The as-synthesized catalyst has proven itself as a better substitute for commercial Pt/C catalyst, with enhanced and durable performance as anode and cathode material for DMFCs. The obtained remarkable performance of catalysts can be attributed to the accumulative effects of PtPd bimetallic NPs and the enhanced synergistic factors of CeO2 in a hybrid material. (Graph Presented).- Anhui Government Scholarship programmes. - National Natural Science Foundation of China. - University of Science and Technology of China. - National Key Research and Development Program of China

Nano-magnetic hydrotalcite synthesized by double in-situ hydrothermal method with enhanced electromagnetic characteristics

A series of nano-magnetic hydrotalcite with different content of CoFe2O4 is prepared by homogeneous double in-situ hydrothermal method using self-synthesised CoFe2O4, Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O), nitrate aluminum nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as starting materials. The crystal structure, morphology, magnetic and thermal stability of the samples were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermal gravimetric differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA) techniques. XRD patterns showed that a small amount of CoFe2O4 did not affect the crystallization properties of hydrotalcite, and magnetic hydrotalcite has typical characteristic peak containing both hydrotalcite and CoFe2O4. SEM images indicated the magnetic hydrotalcite samples were lamellar with magnetic matrix of CoFe2O4 adsorbed on the surface of LDHs layer. The results of VSM displayed that the magnetic hydrotalcite was ferromagnetic, and sample saturation magnetization of three samples increased with the increasing CoFe2O4 content with the values of 1.35, 2.7 and 5.9 eum/g. TG-DTA results indicated the thermal decomposition characteristics of magnetic hydrotalcite is similar to the characteristics of pure hydrotalcite thermal decomposition and the addition of magnetic matrix improved the thermal decomposition temperature of the hydrotalcite.- Anhui province - grant # (gxyqZD2016288), - Anhui Province University Natural Science Research Project - grant # (KJ2015A214). - The national college students innovation training project # (201510380002)