Responsible of Socio-economic Factors with Addiction in Yazd: An Opinion Survey

Background: Addiction has a long history in Iran and it is one of the social problems that create psychological and social conflicts for addicts and their families. Addiction just like other social deviations affects young who are the most valuable assets of a nation. Recognition of socio-economic factors responsible for addiction can help planning and management of programs to fight against addiction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire on 261 spouses of addicts referring to the detoxification centers of Yazd, Iran who were selected randomly. Their perspectives regarding factors thought to be effective in addiction were examined. Statistical tests included chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings: Economic problems, divorce, marital problems, lack of familial supervision, unemployment, psychological and physical problems had a statistically significant relationship with the income of the family (P < 0.05), such that with an increase in income of the family these factors played a lesser significant role in addiction. Conclusion: Control of surrounding factors and increase in self-esteem are two important factors that can help effectively control addiction in the young population. After addiction, though environmental and surrounding factors play a role in preventing return to addiction, their role is reduced. Keywords: Addiction, Socio-economic factors, Spouse, Ira

Responsible of Socio-economic Factors with Addiction in Yazd, Iran: An Opinion Survey

Abstract Background: Addiction has a long history in Iran and it is one of the social problems that create psychological and social conflicts for addicts and their families. Addiction just like other social deviations affects young who are the most valuable assets of a nation. Recognition of socio-economic factors responsible for addiction can help planning and management of programs to fight against addiction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire on 261 spouses of addicts referring to the detoxification centers of Yazd, Iran who were selected randomly. Their perspectives regarding factors thought to be effective in addiction were examined. Statistical tests included chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings: Economic problems, divorce, marital problems, lack of familial supervision, unemployment, psychological and physical problems had a statistically significant relationship with the income of the family (P < 0.05), such that with an increase in income of the family these factors played a lesser significant role in addiction. Conclusion: Control of surrounding factors and increase in self-esteem are two important factors that can help effectively control addiction in the young population. After addiction, though environmental and surrounding factors play a role in preventing return to addiction, their role is reduced. Keywords: Addiction, Socio-economic factors, Spouse, Ira

Comparing the effects of muscle relaxation and music therapy on anxiety among candidates for coronary angiography: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Coronary angiography is associated with some levels of anxiety. Anxiety in turn can cause different complications, and hence, interventions are needed for its management. Recently, nonpharmacological therapies for anxiety management have gained great attention. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of muscle relaxation and music therapy on anxiety among candidates for coronary angiography. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 105 candidates for coronary angiography. Participants were consecutively recruited from the cardiology wards of Namazi hospital, Shiraz, Iran, and were randomly assigned to three 35-person groups, namely music, relaxation, and control groups. Participants in the music and the relaxation groups received 20-min music therapy and were performed 20-min muscle relaxation. Anxiety level was assessed both before and after the interventions using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed through the Chi-square test, the paired-sample t-test, and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean score of anxiety in the relaxation and the music groups significantly reduced from 51.08 ± 6.98 and 49.02 ± 7.74 at the baseline to 41.88 ± 5.16 and 44.28 ± 5.21 at posttest (P < 0.01); however, it did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.081). Conclusion: Both muscle relaxation and music therapy are effective in significantly reducing anxiety among candidates for angiography

سلامت معنوی مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان و سایر بیماری‌های مزمن: مطالعۀ مقایسه‌ای

سابقه و هدف: ازآنجایی‌که هنگام تشخیص بیماری سرطان، سلامت معنوی بیشتر بیماران و خانواده‌های آنان دچار مخاطره می­شود؛ این مطالعه با هدف مقایسۀ سلامت معنوی مادران کودکان مبتلا به سرطان و سایر بیماری­های مزمن انجام شد. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر به­صورت در­دسترس دربارۀ 250 نفر از مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان مراجعه­کننده به درمانگاه و بخش انکولوژی و مادران کودکان مبتلا به سایر بیماری‌های مزمن مراجعه‌کننده به بخش­های کودکان و اورژانس اطفال بیمارستان شهید­ صدوقی یزد در سال 1399 انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسش­نامۀ اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی و پرسش‌نامۀ سلامت معنوی پالوتزین و الیسون بود. داده­ها با روش‌های آماری توصیفی و تحلیلی (آزمون تی و کای دو) تجزیه و تحلیل شد و سطح معنی­داری کمتر از 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: در مطالعۀ حاضر سلامت معنوی مادران در دو گروه مورد مقایسه در حد متوسط بود. میانگین سلامت معنوی مادران کودکان بستری در بخش اطفال (13/13±24/91) بالاتر از میانگین سلامت معنوی مادران کودکان بستری در بخش انکولوژی (67/12±84/85) بود و تفاوت آماری معناداری بین سلامت معنوی مادران دو گروه با استفاده از آزمون تی مستقل مشاهده شد (001/0=P). همچنین تفاوت آماری معناداری بین سلامت معنوی مادران کودکان 12 سال به بالا (با میانگین 86/11±00/97) بر اساس سن کودک در گروه کودکان بستری در بخش انکولوژی با استفاده از آزمون f یک‌راهه (آنوا) مشاهده شد (022/0=P). نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده، سلامت معنوی مادران در بخش انکولوژی کمتر از مادران کودکان مبتلا به سایر بیماری­های مزمن در بخش اطفال بود. این یافته نیاز به انجام اقدامات لازم را برای ارتقا و بهبود سلامت معنوی مادران در بخش انکولوژی مشخص می‌سازد

Knowledge Transfer in Health and Social Sciences Research Centers Affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran

Background: knowledge transfer or knowledge translation is a process which transfers knowledge to the realm of practice and application. Indeed, faculty members at research centers manage to identify barriers to knowledge transfer within their scope and provide appropriate solutions to improve the current state of knowledge exchange based on their findings. Therefore, the present study aimed to self-evaluate knowledge transfer and exchange in health and social sciences research centers affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all active health and social sciences research centers of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd were studied in 2016 - 2017. After giving some explanations regarding how to respond to the questions of self-evaluation of knowledge transfer and exchange questionnaire, the questionnaire was voluntarily completed by the faculty members and experts (n = 68). Data were analyzed in SPSS16 software. Results: As the study findings revealed, the best condition related to production of knowledge was 67.3% of the total score. The score was lower in regard with question of knowledge, determination of research priorities and communication with beneficiaries attaining 61.7% of the total score. Conclusion: It seems to be necessary for university authorities in charge of research to pay special attention to choosing appropriate research topics and research priorities to obviate the problems and the beneficiaries face. The amount of receiving order, especially from sources outside the university and identifying their needs indicate the ability of faculty members in putting into practice the research findings of the university

A Qualitative Approach to Women’s Perspectives on Exercise in Iran

Background: It is believed that women of all ages do less physical activities compared to men. The development of interventional projects for increasing the women’s participation in physical activity needs the recognition of resources and exploration of women’s perspectives on exercise in their lives in the Iranian culture and context. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in an urban area of Iran on 46 women attending healthcare centers, volunteer health care providers, university students, sportswomen and one of the officials of the provincial women’s sports. This study was done from April 2015 to June 2016. Four focus group discussions and one in depth semi-structured interview was conducted. A qualitative conventional content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Results: Four categories were developed as follows: ‘preferences’, ‘planning’, ‘motivators’ and ‘inhibitors’. Preferences had three distinct subcategories: preferences to do exercise in specific settings, specific exercise and group exercise. The family role, exercise as one part of daily routines, and exercise as a habit were subcategories of planning. Motivators were physical, emotional and social benefits; physician advice and encouragement; being alarmed; and championship. The inhibitors of doing exercise were various: gender issues, economical and costs issues, geographical access, making excuses, cultural infrastructures, shortage of sports experts, fears, concerns and misconceptions, inappropriate facilities and inadequate administrative cooperation and official barriers. Conclusion: The findings showed that the women were sensitive to and interested in doing exercise. However, barriers to exercise were multiple and complex. Nursing interventions are required to increase the individuals’ awareness of misconceptions and also develop strategic programs for improving exercise among women

Factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) from infertile women attending the Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility

Background: Nowadays, infertility problems have become a social concern, and are associated with multiple psychological and social problems. Also, it affects the interpersonal communication between the individual, familial, and social characteristics. Since women are exposed to stressors of physical, mental, social factors, and treatment of infertility, providing a psychometric screening tool is necessary for disorders of this group. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factor structure of the general health questionnaire-28 to discover mental disorders in infertile women. Materials and Methods: In this study, 220 infertile women undergoing treatment of infertility were selected from the Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility with convenience sampling in 2011. After completing the general health questionnaire by the project manager, validity and, reliability of the questionnaire were calculated by confirmatory factor structure and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: Four factors, including anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and physical symptoms were extracted from the factor structure. 50.12% of the total variance was explained by four factors. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained 0.90. Conclusion: Analysis of the factor structure and reliability of General Health Questionnaire-28 showed that it is suitable as a screening instrument for assessing general health of infertile women