Designing a Model of Ambidextrous Leadership Competencies in Social Systems

The aim of the current research was to design the competency model related to ambidextrous leadership in social systems; It should be noted that the current research is applied in terms of its purpose, the qualitative research approach and the research method are meta synthesis. To conduct this research, the seven stages of Sandelovski and Barso (2007), which have the necessary comprehensiveness, were used. In order to ensure and validate the search process and achieve the research findings, the expert team consisting of four educational management specialists formed the members of the research meta synthesis team. The sources of research data collection were the existing articles and texts about ambidextrous leadership from 2010 to 2023.The findings of this research showed that the model of ambidextrous leadership competencies includes 32 basic themes in 9 organizing themes with the titles: 1. "Individual competencies";   2. "Communication skills"; 3. "Professional-management skills";       4. "participatory management skills"; 5. "Planning skill and strategic thinking"; 6. "Ability to lead change"; 7. "Inclination to increase knowledge"; 8. "The ability to respond to the environment while paying attention to internal coherence"; 9. "The ability to apply contingency management". It should be noted that the output of this research can be provided to the managers and planners of organizational development in order to consciously develop the capabilities and skills of managers at different organizational levels, knowing the factors that influence ambidextrous leadership competencies. Extended abstract Introduction In the last century, various organizations have experienced amazing changes in their processes and areas of activity. The key mission of organizations, which until the 1960s was to expand the scale of production and focus on the quantity of organizational output, turned to increasing the quality of products and services as well as reducing costs. In this era, the managers of the organization tried to make maximum use of the internal resources and assets of the organization and always improve the productivity and efficiency of their organization. But in the 1990s, with the expansion of the competitive environment between organizations, it became clear to the managers of the organization that in a competitive world, only focusing on productivity and efficiency is not enough to maintain the competitive advantage and also the survival of the organization in the long term; Rather, the flexibility and ability to respond to changes and environmental expectations, as well as paying attention to components such as agility, the capacity to change strategic focus and quick and timely response to the evolving and changing environment, as basic axioms for survival and improving the performance of organizations. They play a key role. Accordingly, in the current world, the ability to discover new and innovative ways to create value has become one of the main axes of the strategic thinking of organization leaders (Gastaldi, Lessanibahri, Tedaldi & Miragliotta, 2022). On the other hand, organizations today are facing the fourth industrial revolution, which the complexity of physical and digital realities has created and expanded a complex and unique competitive environment for organizational activity. (Culot, Nassimbeni, Orzes & Sartor, 2022). In this situation, organizations are under pressure to be efficient in the short term and have a competitive performance, but also to be flexible in the long term and operate with an innovative approach; In other words, organizations must be ambidextrous (Derbyshire, 2014). According to March (March, 1991), duality includes exploitation (managing the current position and resources of the organization) and exploration (adapting to environmental changes and continuous innovation); Ambivalence is the ability of an organization in two dimensions of exploration and exploitation in order to increase its competitive power in complex and changing environments, which requires durability and survival, flexibility, development and maintenance of competitive advantage and exploration of potential opportunities in the environment. (Mom, Chang, Cholakova & Jansen, 2019). In fact, expectations and environmental developments are the factors of pressure on organizations in the direction of moving towards bilateral development; In addition to being completely superior in their current operations and improving their functional areas both in terms of quantity and quality, they also strive to innovate and discover new opportunities (Herzallah, Gutierrez-Gutierrez & Rosas, 2017). Therefore, the existence of ambidextrous leaders who can improve the two basic aspects of improving the organization's performance in the current world, i.e. exploitation and exploration, with competence and acquiring the necessary skills, is considered a competitive advantage and a key factor for success in organizations; By considering the environmental dynamics as well as the internal requirements of the organization, ambidextrous leaders establish a smart balance between the two dimensions of exploitation and exploration; Because they believe that the relationship between leadership behavior and the performance of the organization is not a linear and formulated relationship that works in every situation, but the conscious movement of the organization between construction and innovation, guarantees adaptation to the environment and as a result, improves the performance of the organization (Rosing, Frese & Bausch, 2011). Therefore, knowing the characteristics and competences of ambidextrous leaders is considered a vital necessity to guide the organization in dynamic and changing interactive environments. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to study the available sources and texts about the competencies of ambidextrous leaders, the components related to Ambivalent leadership should be identified and investigated. The output of this work can provide useful information to managers and organizational development planners in order to improve the leadership skills of managers according to organizational and environmental requirements. Theoretical framework Organizational ambidexterity refers to the ability of an organization to simultaneously pay attention to exploration and exploitation; The exploitation aspect means that an organization is cultivating the potentials and capacities that it currently and from the past; However, the exploration aspect deals with the creation of innovation, knowledge and the discovery and use of new resources and capabilities (Stokes, Moore, Moss, Mathews, Smith & Liu, 2015). In the new approaches, it is suggested that the ability to simultaneously pursue the exploitation and exploration and cultivation of these two dimensions in employees is the best way to promote innovation and increase the performance of today's organizations. This argument led to the emergence of ambidextrous structure and ambidextrous leadership (Zarb, De La Robertie & Zouaoui, 2017). Ambivalent leadership is considered a new theory in leadership that was proposed by Rasing, Fars and Bush (2011); In their research, these researchers came to the conclusion that ambidextrous leadership can best stimulate and guide innovation; Because he is able to simultaneously use the exploratory skills and the exploitative skills required for the innovation process. In this style of leadership, the leader's open behaviors support exploratory activities and against the closed behaviors of the leader, they support exploitative activities. Finally, Rasing et al. (2011) have defined ambidextrous leadership by combining the aforementioned behaviors as follows: "The ability to cultivate both exploratory and exploitative behaviors in followers by increasing or decreasing variability in their behavior and being flexible. in changing between these two types of behavior". Methodology The upcoming research is applied in terms of purpose, qualitative research approach and meta-composite research method. The purpose of the present synthesis is to discover the basic findings of various studies in the form of concepts; Therefore, to conduct this research, the seven stages of Sandelovski and Barso (2007), which have the necessary comprehensiveness, were used. The validity of the research data was taken into consideration by using the techniques of reliability and transferability through the self-review of the researchers and the alignment of the data and reliability in the process of collecting information as well as the transparent report of the process of obtaining the research data (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Research findings What are the components of the competency model related to strong leadership? The ambidextrous leadership competency theme network (subordinate) shows that the ambidextrous leadership competency model consists of an overarching theme, 9 organizing themes, and 32 basic themes. Conclusion In today's complex world where continuous and fast-paced changes occur, organizations are faced with turbulent environments that do not allow managers, like in the distant past, with a closed approach to the interactive environment and only by focusing on the components and processes within the organization to continue their effective activity. In fact, every change and transformation, however small in the interactive environment, has a direct or indirect reflection on the performance of organizations. Therefore, in order to survive and be effective in today's world, organizations need leaders who, in addition to being skilled in managing the processes and internal affairs of the organization, by looking at the components of the interactive environment, also discover the opportunities in the environment and use this opportunity for the benefit of the organization. and with knowledge and awareness of existing threats and dangers, use weapons such as innovation, creativity, flexibility and all-round readiness for change in different dimensions and levels to confront and protect against these threats. equip in the shortest possible time; In the world of management, such leaders are known as ambidextrous leaders, and in this regard, in this research, an effort was made to discover and identify the dimensions of competence of ambidextrous leaders through a deep study of reliable and relevant scientific sources. The result of the study and investigation in related sources showed that ambidextrous leaders benefit from 9 categories of competence or special ability. In general, it can be said that maintaining the survival and efficiency of organizations in today's complex world, whose distinctive feature is the emergence of new changes, implies the existence of competent leaders who, by maintaining a balance between open behaviors, means creating a platform for the emergence of creativity, freedom of action and ideation. among employees and closed behaviors in the sense of standardizing activities to monitor the good performance of employees, institutionalize the two important dimensions of exploration and exploitation in the atmosphere of the organization; Such ambidextrous leaders with a correct understanding of the actual capabilities of the organization and awareness of potential environmental opportunities as well as intelligent prediction of the future developments of the surrounding world, while they have the ability to challenge the current situation of the organization and the desired situation and idea draw the future of the organization, improve the self-confidence and intellectual power of the subordinates in order to take risks and express themselves in ideation and independent implementation of ideas in order to shorten the path of the existing and desirable state of the organization; And this is while the control and monitoring of the quality of the current processes of the organization does not remain far from the prudent eyes of the two-handed leaders

Health-Related Quality-of-Life Impacts Associated with Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia in the USA and UK:A Qualitative Assessment

Background: Individuals living with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) experience reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to fatigue and chronic pain, which cause disruptions to daily life. Currently, limited qualitative data exist that describe these impacts. Objective: This study aimed to examine the ways in which symptoms and current treatments of TDT impact HRQoL, to holistically describe the humanistic burden of TDT, and to identify the unmet needs of individuals living with TDT. Methods: Adults (aged ≥18 years) with TDT and caregivers of adolescents (aged 12‒17 years) with TDT participated in semi-structured one-on-one virtual interviews and focus group discussions. Interviews were conducted in the United States and United Kingdom and lasted approximately 60 minutes. After transcription, the interviews were analyzed thematically using a framework approach. Results: A total of 10 interviews/focus group discussions (six interviews and four focus group discussions) were conducted with 14 adults with TDT and two caregivers of adolescents with TDT. Framework analysis revealed five themes describing HRQoL (negative impacts on daily activities, social life, family life, work and education, and psychological wellbeing) and three themes describing the lived experience of TDT (impact of red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy, treatment, and stigma). Physical, psychological, and treatment-related factors contributed to negative impacts on daily activities, social and family life, and work and education. Concerns about reduced lifespan, relationships and family planning, and financial independence were detrimental to participants’ mental wellbeing. Participants reported having high resilience to the many physical and psychological challenges of living with TDT. A lack of TDT-specific knowledge among healthcare professionals, particularly regarding chronic pain associated with the disease, left some participants feeling ignored or undermined. Additionally, many participants experienced stigma and were reluctant to disclose their disease to others. Conclusions: Individuals living with TDT experience substantial negative impacts on HRQoL that disrupt their daily lives, disruptions which are intensified by inadequate healthcare interactions, demanding treatment schedules, and stigma. Our study highlights the unmet needs of individuals living with TDT, especially for alternative treatments that reduce or eliminate the need for red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy.<br/

Contrôle génétique de la tolérance des plantes à la pollution par les métaux lourds : étude sur la plante modèle Medicago truncatula sous le stress du cadmium.

Genetic control of plant tolerance to heavy metal pollution: a study on the legume model plant Medicago truncatula and cadmium stress Heavy metal toxicity has become a global concern due to ever-increasing contamination of soil and water. Among these pollutants, cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic element widely present in polluted soils. It is highly dangerous even at very low concentrations due to its high mobility (EFSA), and has been identified as a major threat for human health and biodiversity. Plants cannot move actively from a contaminated environment. Therefore, their only chance to survive unfavourable conditions is adaptation and the mobilization of defence mechanisms.In the frame of this PhD research program, we intend to identify the genetic factors involved in Cd tolerance of Medicago truncatula during early growth stage following germination. This developmental stage is crucial for subsequent plant growth and development and convenient for manipulation in the lab. Due to their ability to establish symbiosis with soil bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen, wild and cultivated legumes (M.truncatula, soybean, alfalfa, pea,) naturally improve nitrogen status of soils and are of major importance for ecosystems and sustainable agriculture. M. truncatula, a wild species genetically close to legume crops presents significant advantages for genetic studies. It has been adopted as a model for legume plants and shows contrasted responses to a large variety of stresses (literature below).Previous work has shown that Cd stress strongly reduced root growth in M. truncatula plantlets and that pure. lines differ in their tolerance to Cd. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a susceptible and a tolerant M. truncatula line can thus be used to identify genetic loci involved in Cd tolerance and to further study mechanisms of this tolerance.Projet de thèse Contrôle génétique de la tolérance des plantes à la pollution par les métaux lourds: étude sur la plante médicinale modèle Medicago truncatula et stress au cadmium. La toxicité des métaux lourds est devenue une préoccupation mondiale en raison de la contamination croissante du sol et de l'eau. Parmi ces polluants, le cadmium (Cd) est un élément extrêmement toxique largement présent dans les sols pollués. Il est très dangereux même à de très faibles concentrations en raison de sa grande mobilité (EFSA) et a été identifié comme une menace majeure pour la santé humaine et la biodiversité. Les plantes ne peuvent pas sortir activement d'un environnement contaminé. Par conséquent, leur seule chance de survivre dans des conditions défavorables est l'adaptation et la mobilisation des mécanismes de défense. Dans le cadre de ce programme de recherche de doctorat, nous avons l’intention d’identifier les facteurs génétiques impliqués dans la tolérance au Cd de Medicago truncatula lors des premiers stades de croissance suivant la germination. Cette étape de développement est cruciale pour la croissance et le développement ultérieurs des plantes et convient à la manipulation en laboratoire. En raison de leur capacité à établir une symbiose avec les bactéries du sol qui fixent l'azote atmosphérique, les légumineuses sauvages et cultivées (M. truncatula, soja, luzerne, pois) améliorent naturellement le statut azoté des sols et revêtent une importance majeure pour les écosystèmes et l'agriculture durable. M. truncatula, une espèce sauvage génétiquement proche des légumineuses, présente des avantages importants pour les études génétiques. Il a été adopté comme modèle pour les légumineuses et montre des réponses contrastées à une grande variété de contraintes (littérature ci-dessous). Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que le stress dû au Cd réduisait fortement la croissance des racines chez les plantules de M. truncatula et que les lignées pures différaient par leur tolérance au Cd. Des lignées consanguines recombinantes (RIL) issues d'un croisement entre une lignée sensible et une lignée tolérante de M. truncatula peuvent ainsi être utilisées pour identifier des locus génétiques impliqués dans la tolérance au Cd et pour étudier plus avant les mécanismes de cette tolérance

Contrôle génétique de la tolérance des plantes à la pollution par les métaux lourds : étude sur la plante modèle Medicago truncatula sous le stress du cadmium.

Genetic control of plant tolerance to heavy metal pollution: a study on the legume model plant Medicago truncatula and cadmium stress Heavy metal toxicity has become a global concern due to ever-increasing contamination of soil and water. Among these pollutants, cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic element widely present in polluted soils. It is highly dangerous even at very low concentrations due to its high mobility (EFSA), and has been identified as a major threat for human health and biodiversity. Plants cannot move actively from a contaminated environment. Therefore, their only chance to survive unfavourable conditions is adaptation and the mobilization of defence mechanisms.In the frame of this PhD research program, we intend to identify the genetic factors involved in Cd tolerance of Medicago truncatula during early growth stage following germination. This developmental stage is crucial for subsequent plant growth and development and convenient for manipulation in the lab. Due to their ability to establish symbiosis with soil bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen, wild and cultivated legumes (M.truncatula, soybean, alfalfa, pea,) naturally improve nitrogen status of soils and are of major importance for ecosystems and sustainable agriculture. M. truncatula, a wild species genetically close to legume crops presents significant advantages for genetic studies. It has been adopted as a model for legume plants and shows contrasted responses to a large variety of stresses (literature below).Previous work has shown that Cd stress strongly reduced root growth in M. truncatula plantlets and that pure. lines differ in their tolerance to Cd. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a susceptible and a tolerant M. truncatula line can thus be used to identify genetic loci involved in Cd tolerance and to further study mechanisms of this tolerance.Projet de thèse Contrôle génétique de la tolérance des plantes à la pollution par les métaux lourds: étude sur la plante médicinale modèle Medicago truncatula et stress au cadmium. La toxicité des métaux lourds est devenue une préoccupation mondiale en raison de la contamination croissante du sol et de l'eau. Parmi ces polluants, le cadmium (Cd) est un élément extrêmement toxique largement présent dans les sols pollués. Il est très dangereux même à de très faibles concentrations en raison de sa grande mobilité (EFSA) et a été identifié comme une menace majeure pour la santé humaine et la biodiversité. Les plantes ne peuvent pas sortir activement d'un environnement contaminé. Par conséquent, leur seule chance de survivre dans des conditions défavorables est l'adaptation et la mobilisation des mécanismes de défense. Dans le cadre de ce programme de recherche de doctorat, nous avons l’intention d’identifier les facteurs génétiques impliqués dans la tolérance au Cd de Medicago truncatula lors des premiers stades de croissance suivant la germination. Cette étape de développement est cruciale pour la croissance et le développement ultérieurs des plantes et convient à la manipulation en laboratoire. En raison de leur capacité à établir une symbiose avec les bactéries du sol qui fixent l'azote atmosphérique, les légumineuses sauvages et cultivées (M. truncatula, soja, luzerne, pois) améliorent naturellement le statut azoté des sols et revêtent une importance majeure pour les écosystèmes et l'agriculture durable. M. truncatula, une espèce sauvage génétiquement proche des légumineuses, présente des avantages importants pour les études génétiques. Il a été adopté comme modèle pour les légumineuses et montre des réponses contrastées à une grande variété de contraintes (littérature ci-dessous). Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que le stress dû au Cd réduisait fortement la croissance des racines chez les plantules de M. truncatula et que les lignées pures différaient par leur tolérance au Cd. Des lignées consanguines recombinantes (RIL) issues d'un croisement entre une lignée sensible et une lignée tolérante de M. truncatula peuvent ainsi être utilisées pour identifier des locus génétiques impliqués dans la tolérance au Cd et pour étudier plus avant les mécanismes de cette tolérance

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in Hispanics: a case series and literature review

Intravascular large B-cell Lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of extra nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is challenging to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. Here we describe three non-White Hispanic patients newly diagnosed with IVLBCL within 14-month period. All of them presented with persistent fever of unknown origin and symptomatic severe anemia as the initial manifestations. Two out of three cases were successfully diagnosed in a timely manner by fat pad biopsy and have remained disease free up to 34&nbsp;months after chemotherapy. The third case was diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy and deceased one week later after choosing home hospice care. To date, this is the largest published case series of IVLBCL in non-White Hispanics

A case of Sβ+ sickle cell disease diagnosed in adulthood following acute stroke: it’s 2021, are we there yet?

In this report, we present a 29-year-old African American female who was brought to a local emergency department after being found unresponsive by her mother. The etiology of her stroke and severe hemolysis remained unknown, despite her mother reporting the patient’s history of co-inheritance of sickle cell trait and beta-thalassemia trait, and extensive workup during her prolonged hospitalization. She was diagnosed with sickle cell disease (Sβ+ type) two years after discharge when she was referred to a sickle cell specialist for persistent anemia. Here, we also briefly review the challenges to diagnose rarer subtypes of sickle cell disease (SCD), in this case Sβ+ type, as well as the pathophysiology and current management of stroke in SCD

Study of genetics, phenotypic and behavioral properties of eubacteria and archaebacteria

Background: The genome of the bacteria has considerable diversity in terms of sequence of nucleotide bases and change over the time. With the advancement of bioinformatics science possibility of the vast comparison to living organisms has risen. During the last two decades many information about genome sequencing of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria have been published. Using this information and to find connections between them and many phenotypic characteristics and behavior of bacteria could be used in many studies. In this study we compared some of the genetic, phenotypic and behavioral properties of archaebacteria and eubacteria. Methods: In this analytical study, genomic Information of 286 species of archaebacteria and 122 species of eubacteria were collected from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) site which was conducted in April to June 2015. Mean of gene size, gene number, protein number and C+G content compared in the two groups of archaebacteria and eubacteria. Association of genomic characterization of bacteria with several other characteristics were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 19 (Chicago, IL, USA). For this purpose, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson), Student&rsquo;s t-test and ANOVA test (One-way analysis of variance) was used. The P values less than 0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: There was significant association between means discrepancy in two group (P= 0.01). The genome size of eubacteria and archaebacteria have significant association with some of the characteristics of bacteria, such as the C+G content, the number of proteins, genes and habitats of the bacteria (P= 0.01). As well as there was significant association between genome size and features such as number of pseudogene, mobility and type of breathing in eubacteria (P= 0.01) but not in archaebacterial (P˃ 0.05). Conclusion: Many characteristics of eubacteria and archaebacteria are significantly associated with genomic properties. Comparison genomics of bacteria will help in identification of evolutionary origins as well as differences between different categories of bacterial