The Effect of Training Flow Chart Behavioral Management Program by Mobile to Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder for Reducing Oppositional and Hyperactivity Symptoms: one-single sample experimental study

Introduction: Opposition and hyperactivity are among behaviors of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Nowadays, due to the changes in life style and busy life, direct referring to health provider is difficult. Therefore, the present study was done to examine the effectiveness of training behavior management flowchart by mobile to mothers for reducing oppositional and hyperactivity symptoms in children with oppositional defiant disorder. Method: This research was done in Tehran/ Iran in 2018 and through single case experiment by A-B model. Four mothers whose children had gained high scores of ODD were selected for training in eighth sessions of 60-90 minutes. Mothers received the training program of behavior management for six virtual sessions through mobile phone and two in person sessions. Data were analyzed using chart, improve percent and RCI. Results: The overall improvement was 61.43% for defiant and 69.74% for hyperactivity. In one-month follow up, both mentioned variables improved (75.77% and 79.47% respectively). According to the results, the two hypotheses were clinically significant. Conclusion: The mobile health technology is a low cost, available, and suitable method for mental health services and can be used as a complementary health service for mothers who have a child with oppositional defiant disorder

Examination of Behavioural Patterns of Psychological Distress and Evaluation of Related Factors: A latent class regression

Objectives: Psychological Distress (PD) is a unique and suffering emotional state in response to a stressor or specific need that leads to temporary or permanent impacts. Due to its negative effects on several features of life like the quality of life, health, performance, and productivity of individuals, PD and its consequences  are considered as a public health priority. In this study, we aim to identify the behavioral pattern of PD in the population of 18 to 65 years old in Mashhad using latent class regression and evaluate the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 425286 individuals aged 18 to 65, who were referred to health centers in Mashhad, northeastern Iran in the first half of 2018. The information required for this study including a checklist of demographic information and the Six Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (k-6) was obtained from the Sina system. Results: Latent class regression identified three latent patterns of PD in answering the questions of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (14%), low PD distress (40%), and no PD (46%). Statistical variables of this study due to the results are considered as the following; women, illiterate people, unemployed and divorced people, individuals aged between 50-59 years old, and people with low weight were more likely to be in severe PD class than no PD class. Conclusion: Although a small percentage of people were classified as severely disturbed, the findings showed a high rate of symptoms of distress and sadness even in the no PD class. Keywords: Cross-Sectional Studies, Psychological Distress, Latent Class Analysis, Ira

Can galvanic skin conductance be used as an objective indicator of children?s anxiety in the dental setting?

Assessment of procedural distress is essential at assisting children during invasive dental treatments. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of galvanic skin response as a measure for assessment of dental anxiety in children. 151 children, aged 5-7 years, participated in this study. Similar dental treatments were rendered to all subjects. At the beginning and end of the session, modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDAS), clinical anxiety rating scale (CARS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were used to determine children?s anxiety. GSR was significantly correlated with both MCDAS (rs=0.62, p=0.02) and CARS (rs=0.44, p=0.032). The correlation between MCDAS and CARS was also significant (rs = 0.9, P<0.001). Anxiety decreased during the session in both GSR (rs=0.52, p=0.001) and MCDAS scales (rs=0.77, p=0.001). CARS also showed a reduction between the initial and second assessment, but it was not statistically significant (rs=0.12, P=0.36). The findings suggest that GSR is a reliable and valid measure for assessment of children?s dental anxiety in the clinical context. GSR may help to identify clinically anxious children before dental treatment to provide appropriate interventions

Investigating Personal Knowledge Management and Its Mediating Role on the Impact of Psychological Characteristics on Organizational Competencies in Information and Knowledge Services

Introduction: Today, the secret of the success of any organization is the knowledge management. Because knowledge is such, it should only be done by oneself individually. So, this causes raising different psychological concepts in knowledge management. Given the undeniable role of individuals in today's business excellence, personal knowledge management topics vs. organizational knowledge management topics are discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of personal knowledge management on the impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies in information and knowledge services. Methodology: This is an applied study with a mixed method. The sample in qualitative section consisted of ones with research experiences in the field of personal knowledge management, and in the quantitative section, the staff of central libraries of Tehran’s state universities. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with the seven dimensions of retrieving, evaluating, organizing, collaborating, analyzing, providing, and securing information was used for studying personal knowledge management, and the Neo questionnaire was used for the study of psychological characteristics, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used with the five dimensions of external information awareness, internal knowledge dissemination, effective decision architecture, organizational focus, and continue innovation for measuring organizational competencies. The reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated by Cronbach’s Alpha, which was equal to .728. Data was analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Findings: The results showed that the psychological characteristics have a direct effect on personal knowledge management and personal knowledge management has a direct effect on organizational competencies. The impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies was not confirmed, and the role of personal knowledge management was detected as a mediator. Conclusion: According to the results, in evaluating the personal knowledge of library staff, special attention should be paid on their personalities. To achieve the desired organizational competencies, the skills of library staff should be strengthen for their personal knowledge management

The Accuracy of GAP and MGAP Scoring Systems in Predicting Mortality in Trauma; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Introduction: Trauma scoring systems help physicians and nurses to be informed of injuries to a patient and assist their decision making in the cases of trauma and importantly prediction of their outcome and prognosis.&nbsp;Objective: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of GAP and MGAP scoring systems as predictors of mortality in trauma patients.&nbsp;Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted amongst 1861 trauma patients admitted to Rajaee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, during 2017. The data on demographic features were extracted from the patients’ records. Then, trauma scoring systems including injury severity score (ISS), GAP, MGAP, and Glasgow coma&nbsp;scale (GCS) were compared to evaluate their accuracy in predicting mortality. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of different trauma scoring systems and detect the sensitivity and specificity in order to predict status of discharge after 24 hours.&nbsp;Results: Based on the results, the area under the ROC curve was 0.8 for GCS. Moreover, Area Under Curve (AUC) of GAP was 0.91 and amongst different values, GAP value of ≤18 was selected as the cut-off point, since it exhibited the best sensitivity and specificity (72.99 and 95.52, respectively). In addition, the area under the ROC curve was 0.9 for MGAP, and value of ≤23 was selected as the cut-off point because it showed the best sensitivity and specificity (81.04 and 87.70, respectively). Additionally, AUC of ISS was 0.88.&nbsp;Conclusion: Both GAP and MGAP methods were able to appropriately predict mortality and were not significantly different; hence, both can be used for the right triage of patients and to predict the severity of injuries and subsequent mortality. Moreover, GAP and ISS had the best specificity and sensitivity, respectively

The Accuracy of GAP and MGAP Scoring Systems in Predicting Mortality in Trauma; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Introduction: Trauma scoring systems help physicians and nurses to be informed of injuries to a patient and assist their decision making in the cases of trauma and importantly prediction of their outcome and prognosis.&nbsp;Objective: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of GAP and MGAP scoring systems as predictors of mortality in trauma patients.&nbsp;Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted amongst 1861 trauma patients admitted to Rajaee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, during 2017. The data on demographic features were extracted from the patients’ records. Then, trauma scoring systems including injury severity score (ISS), GAP, MGAP, and Glasgow coma&nbsp;scale (GCS) were compared to evaluate their accuracy in predicting mortality. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of different trauma scoring systems and detect the sensitivity and specificity in order to predict status of discharge after 24 hours.&nbsp;Results: Based on the results, the area under the ROC curve was 0.8 for GCS. Moreover, Area Under Curve (AUC) of GAP was 0.91 and amongst different values, GAP value of ≤18 was selected as the cut-off point, since it exhibited the best sensitivity and specificity (72.99 and 95.52, respectively). In addition, the area under the ROC curve was 0.9 for MGAP, and value of ≤23 was selected as the cut-off point because it showed the best sensitivity and specificity (81.04 and 87.70, respectively). Additionally, AUC of ISS was 0.88.&nbsp;Conclusion: Both GAP and MGAP methods were able to appropriately predict mortality and were not significantly different; hence, both can be used for the right triage of patients and to predict the severity of injuries and subsequent mortality. Moreover, GAP and ISS had the best specificity and sensitivity, respectively

Investigating Personal Knowledge Management and Its Mediating Role on the Impact of Psychological Characteristics on Organizational Competencies in Information and Knowledge Services

Introduction: Today, the secret of the success of any organization is the knowledge management. Because knowledge is such, it should only be done by oneself individually. So, this causes raising different psychological concepts in knowledge management. Given the undeniable role of individuals in today's business excellence, personal knowledge management topics vs. organizational knowledge management topics are discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of personal knowledge management on the impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies in information and knowledge services. Methodology: This is an applied study with a mixed method. The sample in qualitative section consisted of ones with research experiences in the field of personal knowledge management, and in the quantitative section, the staff of central libraries of Tehran’s state universities. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with the seven dimensions of retrieving, evaluating, organizing, collaborating, analyzing, providing, and securing information was used for studying personal knowledge management, and the Neo questionnaire was used for the study of psychological characteristics, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used with the five dimensions of external information awareness, internal knowledge dissemination, effective decision architecture, organizational focus, and continue innovation for measuring organizational competencies. The reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated by Cronbach’s Alpha, which was equal to .728. Data was analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Findings: The results showed that the psychological characteristics have a direct effect on personal knowledge management and personal knowledge management has a direct effect on organizational competencies. The impact of psychological characteristics on organizational competencies was not confirmed, and the role of personal knowledge management was detected as a mediator. Conclusion: According to the results, in evaluating the personal knowledge of library staff, special attention should be paid on their personalities. To achieve the desired organizational competencies, the skills of library staff should be strengthen for their personal knowledge management

Evaluating The Agreement Between K-Median And Latent Class Analysis For Clustering Of Psychological Distress Prevalence

Introduction: Psychological distress (PD) is one of the most common mental disorders in the general population. Psychological distress is considered a public health priority due to its adverse effects on quality of life, health, performance, and productivity. It can also predict several serious mental illnesses, such as depressive disorder and anxiety. In this study, we intend to identify the behavioral pattern of PD in the population of 18 to 65 years old in Mashhad using two methods, K-median and Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and evaluate the agreement between the two methods.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 38058 individuals referred to community health care centers at Mashhad of Iran in 2019. The information used in this study was extracted from Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR) database. A demographic information checklist and 6-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K-6) were used for data collection. K-median and LCA were used for data analysis.  Results: Out of 38058 participants, 49.3% were women, 86.1% were married, and 63.6% had a diploma and under diploma education. The LCA identified three patterns of PD in answering the items of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (19.7%), low PD (36.7%), and no PD (43.5%). Three clusters were identified by the K-Median method: 1) severe PD (22.0%), 2) low PD (31.1%), and 3) and no PD (46.9%). The agreement between K-Median and LCA was kappa = 0.862.  Conclusion: About 20% of people were classified as having severe PD. Both LCA and k-median methods can reasonably identify the latent pattern of PD with significant entropy, and there was almost complete agreement between the two methods in data clustering. Considering the advantages of the LCA, this method is recommended to identify the latent pattern of PD based on the k-6 questionnaire

Sleep Duration, Hypnotic Drug Use, and Risk Factors: Cross- Sectional Study

Both short sleep duration (SSD) and long sleep duration (LSD) are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep duration disturbances among adults in association with demographic, medication use, personal habits, and chronic diseases, while also considering the impact of hypnotic drug use. We performed a cross-sectional study of 9991 adult participants of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as part of the Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between short (\u3c 6 h) and long (\u3e 9 h) sleep duration with demographic and lifestyle parameters and common non-communicable diseases. Additionally, we performed stratified analysis to investigate the association of sleep duration with the abovementioned factors and diseases, in groups with and without hypnotic drug use. We found higher odds of SSD significantly associated with age (P \u3c 0.001), BMI (P \u3c 0.001), physical activity (P \u3c 0.001), and depression (P = 0.023). LSD displayed a positive association with the female sex (P \u3c 0.001), opium consumption (P \u3c 0.001), and history of MI (P = 0.045), and a reverse connection with education (P = 0.007), physical activity (P \u3c 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P = 0.027). Stratifying for the hypnotic drug use, our sensitivity analyses indicated that in hypnotic drug users, education (P = 0.034) and physical activity (P \u3c 0.001) were associated with LSD, in this group, significantly increased odds ratio of LSD were associated with opium consumption (P = 0.046) and thyroid dysfunction (P = 0.037). Our findings demonstrated the demographic and lifestyle factors and diseases associated with long and short sleep duration in the population of the RCS. Additionally, after stratifying for hypnotic drug use, our results indicated that some diseases are only associated with abnormal sleep duration upon using hypnotic drugs