A Vision of the Internet of Things: A Review of Critical Challenges

Today, Information Communication Technology has brought many benefits to have a better life. Meanwhile, the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), which has transformed the traditional lifestyle into a modern lifestyle and is growing rapidly, is of great importance. This research deals with the critical challenges of IoT. Although not much time has passed since the advent of the concept of the IoT, today the Internet of Things has faced a great deal of complexity in the industry, which requires in-depth studies to realise its potential and challenges. This study introduces and examines IoT challenges including security and privacy, scalability, interoperability, mobility, protocol & standardisation, and energy consumption. In this study, the relationship between these challenges has been clearly defined. Finally, based on the research, some main challenges or sub-challenges considered for these challenges

Effect of Lavender Ethanolic Extract on Infarct Volume in Rats Subjected to Ischemia-Reperfusion

مقدمه: اسطوخدوس متعلق به خانواده Labiatae و با خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی است. هدف: مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر حفاظتی عصاره اسطوخدوس بر حجم سکته مغزی و مکانیسم احتمالی آن در مدل سکته مغزی رت انجام شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه از نوع تجربی بوده و 42 سر موش صحرایی نر به صورت تصادفی در 6 گروه 7 تایی تقسیم‌بندی شدند. عصاره اسطوخدوس (با دوزهای 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن موش صحرایی) به مدت 20 روز متوالی به موش‌های صحرایی به صورت داخل صفاقی تزریق شد. 2 ساعت بعد از آخرین دوز، جراحی بستن شریان مغزی انجام و 24 ساعت بعد از القای ایسکمی میزان حجم سکته مغزی اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین میزان نیتریک اکسید (NO) سرم اندازه‌گیری شد. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها ازطریق آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) انجام شد . نتایج: تیمار رت‌ها با عصاره اسطوخدوس در دوز 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به مدت 20 روز منجر به یک کاهش معنی‌داری در حجم آسیب بافتی ناشی از سکته در ناحیه پنومبرا (کورتکس) و کانون (ساب کورتکس) مغز نسبت به کنترل شد (به ترتیب، 044/0P= و 047/0 P=). عصاره اسطوخدوس با دوز 200 میلی‌گرم به طور معنی‌داری میزان نیتریک اکساید خون را افزایش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که عصاره اسطوخدوس فعالیت حفاظت مغزی در برابر ایسکمی مغزی دارد و حجم سکته مغزی را در موش‌های صحرایی در معرض ایسکمی کاهش می‌دهد که مکانیسم آن ممکن است در ارتباط با افزایش فعالیت سیستم دفاعی آنتی‌اکسیدانی دارو باشد. عصاره گیاه اسطوخدوس با افزایش سطح نیتریک اکساید اندوتلیالی، با مهار کاهش جریان خون مغزی باعث کاهش حجم سکته‌ی مغزی شده است

The Archeology of Power Struggle in Shahnameh and Iliad (Relying on the Fereydun and the Priam Myths)

Foucault’s Archeology viewpoint is based on discourses on conflict atmosphere, semantic disputes, and determining time and place. In the temporal and spatial periods of the royal families of Fereydon and Priam, under the influence of the origins, discourses based on the struggle for power have emerged, and some have been able to prevail in the hostile atmosphere and establish their meaning in the semantic conflicts. The research method is analytical-descriptive-comparative to answer the question of how these origins have affected the discourse of religious political identity, political identity, and king identity which have found dominance and influence on the identity of other discourses in two texts. The results of the research show that dominant discourses have become hegemonic through the elaboration of discourse-building units such as sacredness, fatalism, etc., and with high frequency, they appear in the behavior of the subjects. Also, the relationship between the origins of religion and politics has been shown as powerful and discourse-creating origins on the one hand, and the normativity of subjects on the other hand

Cost-effectiveness analysis of topiramate versus phenobarbital in the treatment of children with febrile seizure in Shiraz

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common disorder in childhood, with a prevalence of 2% to 5%. There are many drugs for treatment of this disease; however, the most common prescribed medication in Iran is phenobarbital that is cheap, but it has many side effects. Topiramate is a medication with fewer side effects that is currently prescribed in Iran only for patients with epilepsy; also, it has recently been prescribed and tested for children with febrile seizure. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of topiramate versus phenobarbital in patients with febrile seizure in the south of Iran in 2017.Methods: This econometric cost-effectiveness and cost-utility study was conducted on 91 patients with febrile seizure to assess two strategies of oral drug therapy including phenobarbital and topiramate in 2016-2017. Of all, 51 patients were treated with phenobarbital and 40 patients received topiramate. In order to collect the required data, we followed up the patients for six months, using a randomized and single-blinded approach. In this study, a decision tree model was used. The outcomes of the model included febrile seizure and utility. The study was conducted from the perspective of the community; therefore, direct and indirect costs were included in the study. Excel and TreeAge software (2011) were used to analyze the results.Results: The results showed that topiramate was cheaper and more effective than phenobarbital. In patients in the phenobarbital and topiramate groups, the mean costs were $740 and$674 per ppp, utility scores were 0.72 and 0.82, and febrile seizure without side effects were 0.3 and 0.6, respectively. Moreover, one-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results of the study.Conclusion: According to the results, topiramate in patients with febrile seizure is a fully cost-effective and cost-efficient strategy that can be suggested as a better alternative for children with febrile seizure

Effect of growth hormone on muscle strength, tone and mobility of children with Prader-Willi syndrome

ObjectivePrader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic syndrome presenting with severe hypotonia and decreased agility. Growth Hormone (GH), which is often used in these patients to treat short stature and obesity, seems improve hypotonia, physical strength, activity, and locomotor developmental ability. The aim ofthis study was to find the effects of growth hormone on agility and strength of these patients.Material & MethodsIn a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial in an out-patient pediatric endocrine clinic in Tehran, 21 PWS children (12 boys and 9 girls, 4 to 9 years old) were divided into either GH-treated or control groups and followed for two years. Agility run, sit ups, weight lifting, and inspiratory and expiratory strength were considered as the main outcome measures.ResultsAll the outcome measures of the GH treated group showed a significant improvement compared to the control group.ConclusionGH causes a significant improvement in agility and strength of PWS children.Key words: Preder-willi syndrome; PWS; growth hormone;agility; strengt

Comparative Screening of Chloramphenicol Residue in Chicken Tissues Using Four Plate Test and Premi®Test Methods

Background: The safety of food with animal origin means that the food consumed is considered as safe when synthetic chemical agents are absent or present at very low concentrations. The aims of the present study were to validate the Premi®Test and four plate test (FPT) methods as well as screen and estimate the occurrence of chloramphenicol (CAP) residue in collected chicken tissues including liver, kidney and thigh muscle from Kermanshah, west of Iran. Methods: A total of 150 chicken samples were purchased from different poultry slaughterhouses in Kermanshah province, west of Iran and subjected to the FPT and Premi®Test. Results: The Premi®Test could not detect CAP residue at concentrations below 3 and 6 ppm in aqueous solution and kidney fluid, respectively. The highest sensitivity of FPT in the detection of CAP residue was optimally found in the agar medium inoculated with Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.2. The Premi®Test was more sensitive than FPT in the kidney fluid and aqueous solution. Regarding FPT results, CAP residue was found in 20% (n=30), 8.66% (n=28) and 11.33% (n=17) of liver, kidney and muscle samples, respectively. In the case of Premi®Test, the most contaminated samples were liver (24%), followed by kidney (22.66%) and muscle (19.33%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that illegal use of CAP in Iranian poultry industries should be taken into account seriously