UNSUPERVISED DYNAMIC TOPIC MODEL FOR EXTRACTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTION FROM HEALTH FORUMS

The relationship between drug and its side effects has been outlined in two websites: Sider and WebMD. The aim of this study was to find the association between drug and its side effects. We compared the reports of typical users of a web site called: "Ask a patient" website with reported drug side effects in reference sites such as Sider and WebMD. In addition, the typical users' comments on highly-commented drugs (Neurotic drugs, Anti-Pregnancy drugs and Gastrointestinal drugs) were analyzed, using deep learning method. To this end, typical users' comments on drugs' side effects, during last decades, were collected from the website “Ask a patient”. Then, the data on drugs were classified based on deep learning model (HAN) and the drugs' side effect. And the main topics of side effects for each group of drugs were identified and reported, through Sider and WebMD websites. Our model demonstrates its ability to accurately describe and label side effects in a temporal text corpus by a deep learning classifier which is shown to be an effective method to precisely discover the association between drugs and their side effects. Moreover, this model has the capability to immediately locate information in reference sites to recognize the side effect of new drugs, applicable for drug companies. This study suggests that the sensitivity of internet users and the diverse scientific findings are for the benefit of dis¬tinct detection of adverse effects of drugs, and deep learning would facilitate it

Trends of particulate matter (PM10) concentration and related Air Quality Index (AQI) during 2005-2012 in Kermanshah, Iran

Background and Aims: Atmospheric dust, also known as a part of PM10, can cause some adverse effects on public health. The aim of this study was to investigate dust concentration trends in Kermanshah city and also to compare related Air Quality Index (AQI) in different years, seasons and months during 2005 to 2012.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, totally 2589 samples were taken from air monitoring stations owned by the Environmental Protection Agency. The ghatered data were then analyzed using SPSS software V.16.Results: The frequency percentage of PM10 concentrations based on AQI descriptions (healthy, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous) were 12.16, 68.36, 12.82, 3.43, 0.77 and 2.43 percents, respectively. It is further interesting to note that in all monitored days during the present study, 19.43% of total days were in unhealthy conditions within AQI> 100. So that, although the frequency of dusty days decreased from summer to fall, failure to meet air quality standard requirements increased from fall to winter and further to spring.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the observed changes in PM10 concentration were significant in the course of seasons and months. The worst air quality condition occured in summer (specially July). It seems possible that these results are due to frequent dust enterance originating from neighboring countries, humidity reduction, drought and unsustainable use of water resources, temperature rising, as well as wind speed and direction. Because of adverse health effects of particulate matter, it is necessary to promote environmentally aware and responsible science of its trend, short-term and long-term and also international planning to reduce its detrimental impacts.Key words: Air pollution, AQI, Dust, Kermansha

A Method for Plotting Disease Drug Analysis and Its Complications by Combining Sources of Scientific Documents Using Deep Learning Method with Drug Repurposing: Case Study Metformin

Drugs for medical purposes aim at saving one’s life and improving their life quality. Side effects or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on patients are studied as an important issue in pharmacology. In order to prevent the adverse drug effects, clinical trials are conducted on the drug production process, but the process of these trials is very costly and time consuming. So, various text mining methods are used to identify ADRs on scientific documents and articles. Using existing articles in the reference websites such as PubMed to predict an effective drug in the disease is a vital way to declare the drug effective. However, the effective integration of biomedical literature and biological drug network information is one of the major challenges in diagnosing a new drug. In this study, we use medical text documents to train the BioBERT model so that we can use it to discover potential drugs for treating diseases. Then, we are able to create a graphical network of drugs and their side effects with this method as well as it provides us with an opportunity to identify effective drugs that have been used in many diseases so far while having the ability to be used effectively on other diseases

The Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus Reuteri’s Cell Wall on Cell Proliferation in the HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and a second common cancer in men and women respectively in the world and about 1.4 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. The normal gut microflora consists of bacterial species. One group of them is probiotics, which confer a health benefit to the host. Lactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri) is known as a probiotic, which lead to the prevention of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri’s cell wall on cell proliferation in the colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line.Materials and Methods: The cells of HCT-116 cell line were grown at 37ᵒC, 5% CO2. L.reuteri was obtained from the Iranian Biological Resource Center and cultured in the MRS Broth at 37ᵒC for 48h anaerobically. The cell wall was prepared by the freezing-thawing procedure. So the inhibitory effect of L.reuteri on the growth and proliferation of HCT-116 cells was assessed by MTT assay.Results: The cell wall from L.reuteri inhibited cell proliferation on colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line. It showed dose- and –time dependent inhibition.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that cell wall of L.reuteri inhibits cell proliferation of HCT-116 cell line

Determination of the Best Drying Temperature of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) after Six Months of Storage

Drying is one of the most important stages of hazelnut processing and its optimization improves the quality of the final product. The quality of hazelnut is dependent on chemical and organoleptic characteristics of fruit that is affected in the drying process. In present research, samples of Gerd cultivar of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) were dried in shelled and in-shell forms using a laboratory dryer in single-layered form, in three temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C and 1 m/s air velocity, and  stored for six months. The time and energy required for drying and qualitative changes of hazelnut (oil content, protein content, acidity content and peroxide value of oil) were evaluated. The results showed that the hazelnuts dried under 60°C required the lowest time and energy for drying and the in-shell hazelnuts dried under this temperature (60°C) had the lowest acidity compared to other treatments. In addition, temperature had a significant effect on the qualitative traits of hazelnut. The results from taste tests showed that consumers prefer the shelled and in-shell hazelnuts dried in 50°C compared to other samples.  Based on the results, the 50°C is recommended temperature for drying hazelnuts

Investigating the Moderating Role of Gender and Social Identity on the Relationship between Islamic Cultural Values and the Audit Performance and Attitude

Accounting is a reflection of the performance of economic entities, influenced by numerous factors. Culture is one of the most important factors influencing the development of accounting. This study explores how gender and social identity moderate the relationship between Islamic cultural values and the performance and attitudes within the auditing profession .This research follows an applied approach and employs a descriptive survey methodology. The study's population included all employees of the Audit Organization of Iran and doctoral students in accounting. A statistical sample of 384 individuals, composed of employees from the Iran Auditing Organization and accounting PhD students, was randomly selected based on Cochran’s formula for the year 1400. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach with the Smart PLS software. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between Islamic cultural values and employees' job performance and attitude. The study revealed that gender influences the relationship between Islamic cultural values and performance and attitudes within the auditing profession. However, social identity was found to have no significant impact on this relationship. Social identity has no effect on the relationship between cultural values of Islam and the function and attitude of the auditing profession. In conclusion, it is advisable to promote Islamic cultural values within the auditing profession to enhance ethical standards and professional competence.IntroductionThe increasing development and diversification of economic activities have led to the expansion of the capital market and the scope of activities of joint stock companies. Therefore, the duty and responsibility of professional auditors toward society and capital owners necessitates their adherence to a well-defined and consistent professional code of conduct, fostering acceptance, credibility, trust, and social respect (Turner, 2006).Career attitude is essentially an assessment of an individual's job, encapsulating their feelings, beliefs, and attachment to their occupation. Several variables influence the improvement of job attitudes, including age, education level, gender, work environment, years of service, competition, individual skills, job-specific skills, as well as the education and management approaches employed by audit supervisors (Kabir & Parvin, 2011).One of the most important factors influencing the development of accounting in any country is culture.Literature Review2.1. The effect of Islamic cultural values on the function and attitude of the auditing profession.Based on this discussion, the following hypotheses are presented:Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between Islamic cultural values and the employees’ performance.Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s job attitudeHypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between the job attitude and performance of audit staff2.2 The effect of gender on the relationship between Islamic cultural values and the function and attitude of the auditing profession.Hypothesis 4: Gender affects the relationship between cultural values of Islam and auditing staff’s performance.Hypothesis 5: Gender affects the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s job attitude.Hypothesis 6: Gender affects the relationship between job attitude and audit staff performance.2.3. The effect of social identity on the relationship between Islamic cultural values and the function and attitude of the auditing profession.Hypothesis 7: Social identity affects the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s workHypothesis 8: Social identity affects the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s job attitude.Hypothesis 9: Social identity affects the relationship between job attitude and performance of audit staff.MethodologyThe research is applied and descriptive in nature, aiming to describe the effect of research variables during their implementation stages. The research population comprised employees of the Iran Auditing Organization and PhD students in auditing. We randomly selected a sample of 384 individuals based on Cochran's formula.To assess the fit of the measurement models, we employed criteria such as reliability and convergent validity. We evaluated questionnaire reliability using factor loading coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and composite reliability. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics.ResultsThe purpose of this research was to examine the moderating role of gender and social identity in the relationship between Islamic cultural values and the function and attitude of the auditing profession. The results support the presence of a significant relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditor function, which aligns with the findings of Sayadi and Azizi (2016) and Hosseini and Babaei (2017). Additionally, the results reveal a significant connection between Islamic cultural values and auditor job attitudes, consistent with the findings of Sayadi and Azizi (2016) and Hosseini and Babaei (2017). Furthermore, the third hypothesis, suggesting a significant relationship between job attitude and audit staff performance, was confirmed, in accordance with Ali Fari et al.'s (2016) findings.The results indicate that gender significantly influences both Islamic cultural values and the performance of audit staff. Furthermore, gender has an effect on the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s job attitude. This result is inconsistent with the findings of Bani Mahd and Darvish (2015).The results also show that gender has an effect on the relationship between job attitude and performance of audit staff. This is consistent with the findings of Christensen et al. (2016), Sajjadi et al. (1401).Additionally, the results reveal that social identity does not affect the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s work. This is inconsistent with the findings of Badpa (2019).The results also show that social identity has no effect on the relationship between Islamic cultural values and auditing staff’s job attitude. This is in line with the findings of Ali Fari et al. (2016).Lastly, the results show that social identity has no effect on the relationship between job attitude and performance of audit staff. This is in line with the findings of Ali Fari et al. (2016). However, it is in contrast with the findings of Ebrahimzadeh et al. (1400) and Haqbin et al. (1401).AcknowledgmentsThe authors of the article express their appreciation and gratitude to the Islamic Azad University of Kerman branch

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium in Patients with Benign and Malignant Ovarian Cancer by Nested PCR Method

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) are considered factors in cervical and ovarian cancer and are associated with flaky cell carcinoma of the cervix. The role of steady infection, leading to chronic inflammation, in the of ovarian cancer has received very little consideration, although a background of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is in a case-control study associate to higher risk for ovarian cancer. C. trachomatis, the most common and important cause of PID in the developed world is the genital and cervical infectious agent. The aim of this study was prevalence of C. trachomatis and M. genitalium in patients with ovarian cancer who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study that was conducted from January 2014 to April 2015, 124 samples were studied which obtained from patients with ovarian cancer who referred to medical centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining samples from ovarian cancer tissue by the pathologist, for extraction DNA, samples were transferred to the laboratory of university. To confirm the presence of C. trachomatis in samples of ovarian cancer, specific primers for the Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) genes of C. trachomais, were designed and used Nested PCR method for detection of M. genitalium. Sequencing was performed on the PCR and Nested PCR product to confirm the presence of C. trachomatis and M. genitalium.Results: Out of 124 samples of ovarian cancer, 62 (50%) samples were malignant cancer and 62 (50%) were benign cancer as control group. From 65 malignant samples 14 (22.5%) were Chlamydia trachomatis positive. None of the tissue samples of benign cancer of ovary were positive for C. trachomatis. Notably, none of the 124 ovarian samples were positive in the M. genitalium standard PCR assay.Conclusion: The results suggest that the spread of C. trachomatis in the female with ovarian cancer may be common. This finding reflects a possible role of C. trachomatis in the carcinogenesis of ovarian tumors. C. trachomatis infection may play a relative role in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas or it could facilitate its progression

The Role of Safavid Immigrant Physicians in Promoting Persian Language in the Indian Subcontinent

زمینه و هدف: از گذشته دور، ایران و هند دارای ارتباط فرهنگی بودند، ولیکن در دوره تیموریان این ارتباط عمیق‌تر گردید. زبان فارسی در اواخر قرن چهارم، در عصر سلطان محمود غزنوی به طور گسترده وارد شبه‌قاره هند شد، اما اوج پیشرفت آن، در دوره تیموریان بود که به زبان رسمی دربار و زبان اهل علم، سیاست و دین مبدل گردید. مهاجرت گسترده پزشکان ایرانی به هند پدیده‌ نادر اجتماعی عصر صفوی بود که در تاریخ فرهنگی، ادبی و علمی شبه‌قاره هند تغییرات محسوسی را به وجود آورد. هدف این مطالعه تحلیل نقش پزشکان مهاجر عصر صفوی در گسترش زبان و ادب فارسی در شبه‌قاره هند است. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی، با استفاده از کتب تاریخی عصر صفویه و تیموریان و نیز مقاله‌های مرتبط با موضوع صورت گرفته است. یافته‌ها: برخی از اطبای مهاجر به هند جزء طبقات شعرا نیز محسوب می‌شدند. تأسیس انجمن ادبی برای شاعران توسط حکیم گیلانی و عبدالرحیم‌خان خانان اسباب پیشرفت شعرا را مهیا نمود. فرهنگ‌نامه‌های مهم فارسی از قبیل فرهنگ‌نامه جهانگیری، فرهنگ‌نامه برهان و فرهنگ‌نامه رشیدی تدوین گردید. کتاب‌های پزشکی فارسی در موضوعات پزشکی، دامپزشکی و داروسازی تألیف شد. نتیجه‌گیری: پزشکان ایرانی سهم به سزایی در فرهنگ و تمدن دوره تیموری هند داشتند. آنان با نگارش آثار خود به زبان فارسی سبب تقویت بار علمی ادبیات فارسی شدند. این امر با توجه به استقبال پادشاهان تیموری و حمایت آنان از پزشکان ایرانی میسر شد.Background and Aim: An Iran and India have a cultural relation from distant past, but this relation was being deeper in the Timuriyan era. Persian language entered in subcontinent in Soltan Mahmood Ghaznavids era in the end of 4th century. But it’s the pinnacle of progress was in Timuriyan era that it was changed to the official language of court and scholars, politics and religion. The wild migration of Iranian physician to Indian was a social rare phenomenon in Safavid era that created the sensible changes in the cultural, scientific and literary history of subcontinent. The aim of this study is the analysis of the Safavid era migrant physician's role in the development of persian language and literature in subcontinent. Material and Methods: This study was conducted by investigation of the historical books of Timuriyan era and Safavid era and articles related to the subject under discussion using a descriptive-analytical method. Findings: Some of the migrant physician were considered a part of poets classes too. The establishment of literary association for the ports by Hakim Gillany and Abdol Rahim khankhanan provided poets development. The important Persian Encyclopedia such as Jahangiri Encyclopedi, Borhan Encyclopedia and Rashidi Encyclopedia were compiled. The Persian medical books about musician, veterinary and pharmacy were compiled too. Conclusion: Iranian physician have an important role in Indian culture and civilization in Timuriyan era. They caused the reinforcement of Persian literature by writing their works in Persian language. This event has been possible due to Timuriyan kings welcomed and their support from Iranian physician.   Please cite this article as: Eslami Fard Z, Ahmadi N, Karimi B, Ghaffari F. The Role of Safavid Immigrant Physicians in Promoting Persian Language in the Indian Subcontinent. Med Hist J 2016; 8(28): 19-26

Is It Time to Review our Educational Program for the Electrocardiography Operators?

No abstract available

Investigating the Effectiveness of Blended Learning as a New Strategy for Teaching Anatomy to Medical Students: A Systematic Review

Background: The combined use of electronic and traditional education is called blended learning. Anatomy is a major in medical education. Using this method creates flexible learning environments and more interaction in learning.Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of blended learning on teaching anatomy to medical students.Methods: This comprehensive literature review was conducted on December 3, 2022. Our research was conducted by adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Online databases PubMed, Eric, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant articles using predefined keywords. Using EndNote, all relevant literature published within the past five years was retrieved and further analyzed.Results: Our comprehensive search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 351 articles. After screening the articles and selecting the articles based on the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were eligible and included in the study. Most of the studies were conducted in India (n = 5), China (n = 2), United Kingdom (n = 2), and Portugal (n = 2). The majority of studies were conducted in 2022 (n = 7). The most important finding of all reviewed articles was the effectiveness of blended learning, which is mentioned as an effective method for teaching anatomy.Conclusion: Blended learning can improve performance and increase satisfaction and motivation in students. Identifying suitable learning resources with medical students’ abilities improves learners’ knowledge. Applying new learning methods can be very effective as some conditions, such as the COVID-19 crisis, limit access to corpses and physical presence