Urgent needs for second life using and recycling design of wasted electric vehicles (EVs) lithium-ion battery: a scientometric analysis

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly widely used and generate waste due to the rapid development of the EV industry. Meanwhile, how to reuse “second life” and recycle “extracting of valuable metals” of these wasted EVBs has been a hot research topic. The 4810 relevant articles from SCI and SSCI Scopus databases were obtained. Scientometric analysis about second life using and recycling methodologies of wasted EVBs was conducted by VOSviewer, Pajek, and Netdraw. According to analytical results, the research of second life using and recycling mythologies has been growing and the expected achievement will continue to increase. China, Germany, the USA, Italy, and the UK are the most active countries in this field. Tsinghua University in China, “Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe” in Germany, and “Polytechnic di Torino” in Italy are the most productive single and collaborative institutions. The journals SAE technical papers and World Electric Vehicle Journal have the highest publication and citations than other journals. Chinese author “Li Y” has the highest number of 36 publications, and his papers were cited 589 times by other authors. By analyzing the co-occurrence and keywords, energy analysis, second life (stationary using, small industry), and treatment methods, (hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgical, electrochemical, bio-metallurgical) were the hot research topics. The S-curve from the article indicates hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical methods are attached with great potential in the near future. Further, different treatment methodologies are observed especially advanced techniques in hydrometallurgical, and spent medium bioleaching techniques in bio-metallurgical are good, economically cheap, has low CO 2 emission, environmentally friendly, and has high recovery rate. Finally, this research provides information on second life use and top recycling methodology opportunities for future research direction for researchers and decision-makers who are interested in this research

A novel HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of biomarkers in polyherbal formulation

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the quantitative estimation of biomarkers gallic acid and berberine in polyherbal formulation Entoban syrup.MethodsHigh performance thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of gallic acid and berberine employing toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol 12:9:4:0.5 (v/v/v/v) and ethanol: water: formic acid 90:9:1 (v/v/v), as a mobile phase respectively.ResultsThe Rf values (0.58) for gallic acid and (0.76) for berberine in both sample and reference standard were found comparable under UV light at 273 nm and 366 nm respectively. The high performance thin layer chromatography method developed for quantization was simple, accurate and specific.ConclusionsThe present standardization provides specific and accurate tool to develop qualifications for identity, transparency and reproducibility of biomarkers in Entoban syrup

Prevalence of active HCV infection among the blood donors of Khyber Pakhtunkwa and FATA region of Pakistan and evaluation of the screening tests for anti-HCV

Hepatitis C is a fatal liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. In this study, blood donors, from various districts of the KPK province and the federally administered tribal area (FATA) of Pakistan were tested for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA by ICT (Immuno-chromatographic test), ELISA and RT-PCR. Out of the 7148 blood donors, 224 (3.13%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies by ICT, 135 (1.89%) by ELISA while 118 (1.65%) blood donors had active HCV infection as detected by RT-PCR. We suggest that ELISA should be used for anti-HCV screening in public sector hospitals and health care units

The assessment of water purification quality characteristics (WPQC), water quality index (WQI), and their measurement techniques, arid region of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Drinking water quality is essential for public health. With the aid of the water quality index, the current research investigation aimed to monitor the quality of drinking water and assess the action of water purification plants in the surrounding areas of PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (WQI). A total of 150 water samples be situated gathered from 20 water purification plants. The pH, EC, TDS, free chlorine turbidity, total hardness, cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg), anions (Cl, HCO3, SO4, NO3, and F), manganese, iron, and total hardness of drinking water were all analyzed. In terms of the assessed physicochemical character, the results showed that purified water was acceptable for consumption. The overall water purification efficacy for reducing total dissolved salts and related anions and cations was greater than 90%. TDS levels in groundwater averaged 1919 ± 806 mg/L but were reduced to 119 ± 32.9 mg/L in purified water. According to the water quality index, all filtered water samples were of high drinking quality (class I). Meanwhile, due to many dissolved salts, 80.6 percent of the contaminated groundwater sample was of poor drinking quality (class III), and 10.9 percent was of extremely poor drinking quality (class IV). Groundwater filtration improved the water quality from extremely low to poor (classes III and IV) to good (class I

Duplex PCR assay for the detection of avian adeno virus and chicken anemia virus prevalent in Pakistan

Avian Adeno viruses and Chicken Anemia Viruses cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry of Pakistan each year. Timely and efficient diagnosis of the viruses is needed in order to practice prevention and control strategies. In the first part of this study, we investigated broilers, breeder and Layer stocks for morbidity and mortality rates due to AAV and CAV infections and any co-infections by examining signs and symptoms typical of their infestation or post mortem examination. In the second part of the study, we developed a duplex PCR assay for the detection of AAV and CAV which is capable to simultaneously detect both the viral types prevalent in Pakistan with high sensitivity and 100% specificity

Enhanced antioxidant defense after exogenous application of Ca 2+ and K + in Brassica napus seedlings under water deficit stress days after exogenous application of different concentrations of Ca 2+ , K + and N through irrigation water. Exogenous Ca 2+ an

Supply of adequate moisture is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural extension and productivity. Ca 2+ and K + are both essential plant nutrients required in a number of developmental and metabolic processes. Both of these nutrients play an important role in ameliorating drought stress in crop plants. This experiment was designed to study whether exogenous application of Ca 2+ and K + before the drought could enhance the potential of plants to survive under limiting water conditions. Brassica napus L. cv Bulbul-98 seedlings were exposed to drought stress fo

A systematic study involving patent analysis and theoretical modeling of eco-friendly technologies for electric vehicles and power batteries to ease carbon emission from the transportation industry

Using natural and recycled materials in the manufacturing of electric vehicles (EVs) and power batteries (PBs) offers several environmental, economic, and technical compelling advantages. Recently, extensive study has been dedicated on the manufacturing of EVs and their power batteries to comprehensively address these advantages. This research analyzes 12,202 scientific patents from 1970 to 2021, evaluating eco-friendly materials for EVs and power batteries. The study identifies current status and gaps in research, mapping collaborations and networks, assessing core technologies, classification of innovative materials, future research directions; hence environmental and economic implications. To assess current development and forecast future technologies, hybrid autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model combined with an advanced machine learning logistic regression algorithm were employed. Patents analyses results unveil noteworthy insights: Dynamic analysis demonstrates a growing interest in eco-friendly EVs and PBs manufacturing from countries such as China (PF2/PF1 = 0.406), U.S.A (PF2/PF1 = 0.468), Germany (PF2/PF1 = 0.465), and Japan (PF2/PF1 = 0.427). Key companies including TOSHIBA, BYD, TOYOTA, and TESLA are leading the way in technology transfer related to the manufacturing of eco-friendly EVs and PBs. Latest technology update reveals that, synthetic “SofTex” leather has 85 % less CO2 emissions than genuine leather during the processing, recycled aluminum production emits 97 % less CO2 than new production. Ford’s aim is to reduce its carbon footprint by utilizing 1.2 billion plastic bottles from landfills waste per year for making vehicle parts, resulting in a noteworthy 50–60 % weight reduction and a 37 % decrease in CO2 emissions in new vehicles compared to traditional counterparts. S-curve analysis further highlights a remarkable surge in patent filings for EVs and PBs since 2011. Notably, the patent CN-101013763-A holds significant influence in driving innovation route and utilization of eco-friendly materials such as bio-paint, bamboo, recycled plastic, and advanced steel in the manufacturing of EVs and PBs. In the predictable future, ongoing research will pinpoint opportunities for advancing technology to lead carbon reduction and sustainability in the EV industry