STUDY OF SESAME OIL AS OIL BASED FLUID IN DRILLING OPERATION

Drilling fluid is a critical component in the drilling process, where it facilitates to efficiently lift cuttings, maintain stable wellbore and produce sufficient hydrostatic pressure that could prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. . If the mud properties (physical, chemical, rheology properties and elastomeric effect) are incorrect, safety and economics of the drilling operations may be severely compromised. The usage of diesel oil as the continuous phase of drilling fluid is harmful to the environment especially marine environment in offshore drilling operation. Therefore, various bio-diesel oils had been introduced to replace the diesel oil. Types of drilling fluid used in this project are oil based mud and synthetic based mud. The biodiesel oils (sesame oil) are used as oil phase in oil based mud and mineral oil (saraline) is used as synthetic fluid in synthetic based mud. This project is mainly to identify whether Sesame oil can be used as an alternative for bare oil to replace the diesel oil in oil based mud by examining the rheological properties and elastomeric effect of the muds. Most studies such as yield point measurement, plastic viscosity measurement, electrical stability and filtration loss measurement are conducted in Mud Laboratory in Block 15

Resilience in the Face of Adversity: An analysis of the refugee entrepreneurial population and their resources in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

This study presents an overview and analysis of refugee entrepreneurship in the United States\u27 Mid-Atlantic region for refugee entrepreneurship by interviewing three refugee entrepreneurs and two professional individuals who actively work with refugee entrepreneurs. It introduces the refugee population and climate in the United States, and examines the connections between forced migration and entrepreneurship in the present literature along with factors that affect access and viability of entrepreneurship due to economic and social barriers, cultural and familial influences and financial hurdles. Through the interviews and examination of existing literature, three different traits distinguished refugee entrepreneurs in the region, according to the data. These characteristics included a risk tolerance, a family-community orientation, and an openness, willingness, and ability to adapt to changing/new circumstances, illustrating how refugees use entrepreneurship to maximize the pool of opportunities in their host countries and eventually become self-sufficient and a long-term economic asset

The effectiveness of rock phosphate fertilizer toward the growth and production of oil palm / Ahmad Zahin Azfar Buniyami

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was originally from West Africa where it grows wild and later was developed into an agricultural crop. Amongst the commercial vegetable oil crops in the world, the oil palm agro-ecosystem produces the largest quantity of edible oil per unit area despite being largely grown on highly weathered tropical soils with low soil fertility such as Malaysia. Fertilizing is the one of the important factors that oil palm plantation keep success in this sector because oil palm needed good nutrient management. Phosphorus is an essential element for plant growth and important for the establishment of root growth at early stages. Rock Phosphate is the one of the Phosphorus source that had been used in agricultural sector. It is therefore that Rock Phosphate fertilizers have been pivotal to well-being of oil palm and the profitability and sustainability of oil palm industry. This paper review discusses about the effectiveness of Rock Phosphate fertilizer toward the growth and production of oil palm in immature and mature stage which is compared four type of P fertilizer consists of Christmas Island Rock Phosphate(CIRP), Morocco Rock Phosphate(MRP), Sokoto Rock Phosphate(SRP) and Single Super Phosphate(SSP). Therefore, it is effective using P fertilizer on oil palm which is needed to apply the correct amount of type of P fertilizer. The result showing that there are significant differences between application of P fertilizer and without P application on growth and production of oil palm. Besides that, the reactivity of Rock Phosphate fertilizers also affect the growth performance as discussed in this review

Multi-headed self-attention mechanism-based Transformer model for predicting bus travel times across multiple bus routes using heterogeneous datasets

Bus transit is a crucial component of transportation networks, especially in urban areas. Bus agencies must enhance the quality of their real-time bus travel information service to serve their passengers better and attract more travelers. Various models have recently been developed for estimating bus travel times to increase the quality of real-time information service. However, most are concentrated on smaller road networks due to their generally subpar performance in densely populated urban regions on a vast network and failure to produce good results with long-range dependencies. This paper develops a deep learning-based architecture using a single-step multi-station forecasting approach to predict average bus travel times for numerous routes, stops, and trips on a large-scale network using heterogeneous bus transit data collected from the GTFS database and the vehicle probe data. Over one week, data was gathered from multiple bus routes in Saint Louis, Missouri. This study developed a multi-headed self-attention mechanism-based Univariate Transformer neural network to predict the mean vehicle travel times for different hours of the day for multiple stations across multiple routes. In addition, we developed Multivariate GRU and LSTM neural network models for our research to compare the prediction accuracy and comprehend the robustness of the Transformer model. To validate the Transformer Model's performance more in comparison to the GRU and LSTM models, we employed the Historical Average Model and XGBoost model as benchmark models. Historical time steps and prediction horizon were set up to 5 and 1, respectively, which means that five hours of historical average travel time data were used to predict average travel time for the following hour. Only the historical average bus travel time was used as the input parameter for the Transformer model. Other features, including spatial and temporal information, volatility measures (e.g., the standard deviation and variance of travel time), dwell time, expected travel time, jam factors, hours of a day, etc., were captured from our dataset. These parameters were employed to develop the Multivariate GRU and LSTM models. The model's performance was evaluated based on a performance metric called Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that the Transformer model outperformed other models for one-hour ahead prediction having minimum and mean MAPE values of 4.32 percent and 8.29 percent, respectively. We also investigated that the Transformer model performed the best during different traffic conditions (e.g., peak and off-peak hours). Furthermore, we also displayed the model computation time for the prediction; XGBoost was found to be the quickest, with a prediction time of 6.28 seconds, while the Transformer model had a prediction time of 7.42 seconds. The study's findings demonstrate that the Transformer model showed its applicability for real-time travel time prediction and guaranteed the high quality of the predictions produced by the model in the context of a complicated extensive transportation network in high-density urban areas and capturing long-range dependencies.Includes bibliographical references

Properties of cement mortar containing NaOH-treated Crumb rubber as fine aggregate replacement

In this study, crumb rubber was used to partially replaced fine aggregate in mortar mixture by 5, 10, 15, and 20 volume percentage (vol%) with untreated and NaOH-treated crumb rubber. Thus, the total number of mixtures was 9. The mortars were tested for its flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength and density. Based on the results, increasing the replacement percentage of fine aggregate by crumb rubber reduced the compressive strength, flexural strength and density of rubberized mortar but increased the flowability. Meanwhile, the treatment of crumb rubber using NaOH solution improved the flowability, compressive strength and flexural strength. The treatment has minor effect on the hardened density of the rubberized mortar

STUDY OF SESAME OIL AS OIL BASED FLUID IN DRILLING OPERATION

Drilling fluid is a critical component in the drilling process, where it facilitates to efficiently lift cuttings, maintain stable wellbore and produce sufficient hydrostatic pressure that could prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. . If the mud properties (physical, chemical, rheology properties and elastomeric effect) are incorrect, safety and economics of the drilling operations may be severely compromised. The usage of diesel oil as the continuous phase of drilling fluid is harmful to the environment especially marine environment in offshore drilling operation. Therefore, various bio-diesel oils had been introduced to replace the diesel oil. Types of drilling fluid used in this project are oil based mud and synthetic based mud. The biodiesel oils (sesame oil) are used as oil phase in oil based mud and mineral oil (saraline) is used as synthetic fluid in synthetic based mud. This project is mainly to identify whether Sesame oil can be used as an alternative for bare oil to replace the diesel oil in oil based mud by examining the rheological properties and elastomeric effect of the muds. Most studies such as yield point measurement, plastic viscosity measurement, electrical stability and filtration loss measurement are conducted in Mud Laboratory in Block 15

Assimilasi nasal dalam hukum Idgham Bila Al-Ghunnah

Proses asimilasi nasal wujud dalam pembelajaran ilmu tajwid terutamanya yang melibatkan hukum nun sakinah. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dijalankan untuk membincangkan proses asimilasi nasal yang wujud dalam hukum tajwid yang dipilih, iaitu Idgham Bila al-Ghunnah. Data kajian diperoleh daripada perisian aplikasi al-Qur’an al-Karim, iaitu “Software Qhutbah”. Data seterusnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan kerangka teori Optimaliti (TO) yang diperkenalkan oleh Mc Carthy, Prince dan Smolensky. Proses asimilasi nasal dalam hukum tajwid wujud apabila adanya bunyi nasal, iaitu nun sakinah dan juga tanwin dalam perkataan. Proses asimilasi nasal merupakan suatu proses penggabungan bunyi nasal ke dalam suatu bunyi konsonan yang hadir selepasnya. Proses fonologi ini turut mempengaruhi cara sebutan sesuatu kata. Hasil analisis mendapati kewujudan nun sakinah bagi hukum Idgham Bila al-Ghunnah dilenyapkan dalam bacaan apabila diikuti dengan bunyi [lam] ل dan [ra] ر . Hal ini kerana, bunyi-bunyi ini mempunyai daerah artikulasi yang berhampiran dengan nun sakinah yang berada di pangkal hidung. Kedudukan yang berhampiran ini menyebabkan bunyi nun sakinah dimasukkan ke dalam bunyi [lam] ل dan [ra] ر seterusnya dibaca tanpa sebarang bunyi sengauan. Fenomena ini berbeza bagi hukum tajwid yang lain seperti Izhar Halqi, Idgham Maal Ghunnah dan Ikhfa’ Hakiki. Hasil kajian ini dapat membantu pembaca mengenal pasti perbezaan cara bacaan yang wujud dalam setiap hukum tajwid yang ada. Justeru itu, ketepatan dalam bacaan al-Qur’an al-Karim juga dapat dipertingkatkan

The counterfeit goods conundrum: an analysis of demand situation among Malaysian consumers / Teo Carol Boon Chui and Mohd Zahin Mohd Yusof

This paper examines the tricky and confusing problem of counterfeit goods demand. Counterfeit activities are getting more rampant, sophisticated and aggressive on a worldwide basis. Malaysia remains an ideal transit hub for counterfeit goods and regarded as lack in placing a premium on intellectual property rights. There is a need to address this conundrum of consumers who are fully aware of this illegal trade but continue to patronize. Measures undertaken by government dealt mainly with supply side of counterfeit goods but there is lack of effort on demand side control. An analysis into consumer attitude towards demand for counterfeit goods focusing on factors influencing purchase is warranted. This study utilized the integrated model of counterfeit goods purchase by Matos et al. (2007). Methodology entailed survey approach on 150 users at a locality in Kuala Lumpur. Findings showed positive and significant relationships between perceived risk, integrity and status as predictors of consumer attitude towards counterfeit goods. Findings provided implications for anti-counterfeit measures to go beyond awareness, communication and information on risks but more on emotional closeness to the consumer. Changing mindsets is necessary making clear to consumers that counterfeit purchase is stealing. Companies can be proactive by revealing the depth and breadth of counterfeiting and creating public consciousness

Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Apparel Industry: A Critical Analysis and Awareness of Female Labor Empowerment

There is extensive research in the area of sustainability and its importance for long-term growth and prosperity, however not much has been contributed towards the social dimension of sustainability, especially when concerning the subject of female labor and the issue of empowerment in the context of fashion. This paper studies whether the fashion Multinational Companies (MNCs) lead to empowerment or exploitation of the women workforce at factory level of global supply chains. Offering an empirically constructed response to the notion of empowerment and strategies from a critical realist point of view, this research addressed the actual level of empowerment experienced by the women. I examine the exploited condition of women workforce in developing countries, and how an image for sustainable global supply chain structured around a fabricated construction of empowerment limits what is seen as desirable, admissible and possible. A multimodal critical discourse analysis is adopted to study the empowerment image constructed through various contents (websites, reports, videos and statements) released by the renowned organization H&M. This paper reveals the underlying strategies of a care-based morality, fabrication of the truth, mechanism of power, and oppression of women within the sustainable imaginary, therefore showing how “empowerment” is manipulated to create dependencies for the unprivileged women. Decontextualization helps address how aware of the exploited situation the fashion MNCs actually are, and the supply chain risks that originate from the lack of awareness. Finally, this dissertation presents a framework for sustainable empowerment that considers the cooperation of all parties involved to construct an ideal win-win situation