Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis: Perspectives from the GARFIELD-VTE Registry

Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) represents up to half of all lower limb DVT. This study investigated treatment patterns and outcomes in 2,145 patients with IDDVT in comparison with those with proximal DVT (PDVT; n = 3,846) and pulmonary embolism (PE; n = 4,097) enrolled in the GARFIELD-VTE registry. IDDVT patients were more likely to have recently undergone surgery (14.6%) or experienced leg trauma (13.2%) than PDVT patients (11.0 and 8.7%, respectively) and PE patients (12.7 and 4.5%, respectively). Compared with IDDVT, patients with PDVT or PE were more likely to have active cancer (7.2% vs. 9.9% and 10.3%). However, influence of provoking factors on risk of recurrence in IDDVT remains controversial. Nearly all patients (IDDVT, PDVT, and PE) were given anticoagulant therapy. In IDDVT, PDVT, and PE groups the proportion of patients receiving anticoagulant therapy was 61.4, 73.9, and 81.1% at 6 months and 45.8, 54.7, and 61.9% at 12 months. Over 12 months, the incidence of all-cause mortality, cancer, and recurrence was significantly lower in IDDVT patients than PDVT patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.77]; sub-HR [sHR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.39-0.93]; and sHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60-0.97]). Likewise, risk of death and incident cancer was significantly (both p < 0.05) lower in patients with IDDVT compared with PE. This study reveals a global trend that most IDDVT patients as well as those with PDVT and PE are given anticoagulant therapy, in many cases for at least 12 months

A new updated version of the Weibull model with an application to re-injury rate data

Probability distributions play useful and meaningful roles in sports sciences and biomedical sectors. Probability distributions can be used to model and predict the chances of injuries and recovery time after the injuries. We propose and implement a new method to introduce new probability distributions. The new method is named a new updated-V family, as it can be used to increase/update the flexibility of the modified and traditional probability models. Based on the new updated-V method, a new extension of the Weibull model, namely, a new updated Weibull model is proposed. Statistical properties of the new updated-Weibull model, such as (i) quantile function, (ii) heavy-tailed properties (iii) rth moment, (iv) probability weighted moments, and (i) moment generating functions are presented. For the new updated-V distributions, the estimators are derived. The assessment of the new updated-V distribution estimators is done via a simulation study. A practical application related to the re-injury rate data is considered for the establishment of the applicability of the new updated Weibull distribution

Upper Extremity DVT versus Lower Extremity DVT: Perspectives from the GARFIELD-VTE Registry

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is less common than lower extremity DVT (LEDVT) and consequently less well characterized. This study compared clinical characteristics and 1-year outcomes between 438 UEDVT patients and 7,602 LEDVT patients recruited in the GARFIELD-VTE registry. UEDVT patients were significantly more likely to have a central venous catheter than those with LEDVT (11.5% vs. 0.5%; p &lt; 0.0001), and had a higher rate of active cancer (16.2%) or recent hospitalization (19.4%) compared with LEDVT patients (8.7% and 11.2%, respectively). Nearly all patients with UEDVT and LEDVT were initiated on anticoagulant therapy, which was a direct oral anticoagulant in one-third individuals in both groups. At 3, 6, and 12 months, the proportion of UEDVT and LEDVT patients who were receiving anticoagulant therapy was 82.6 and 87.4%, 66.0 and 72.6%, and 45.7 and 54.6%, respectively. In the UEDVT and LEDVT groups, VTE recurrence rate was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-6.7) and 5.5 (95% CI, 4.9-6.1) per 100 person-years, respectively; major bleed was noted in 1.3 (95% CI, 0.6-3.2) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-1.9) per 100 person-years and all-cause mortality in 9.7 (95% CI, 7.1-13.4) and 6.7 (95% CI, 6.1-7.3) per 100 person-years, respectively. Hence, risk of recurrence was similar in the two groups whereas all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the UEDVT group than the LEDVT group (p = 0.0338). This latter finding was likely due to the high prevalence of cancer in the UEDVT group