Tiberiobardiite, Cu9Al(SiO3OH)2(OH)12(H2O)6(SO4)1.5·10H2O, a new mineral related to chalcophyllite from the cretaio Cu prospect, massa marittima, grosseto (Tuscany, Italy): Occurrence and crystal structure

The new mineral species tiberiobardiite, ideally Cu9Al(SiO3OH)2(OH)12(H2O)6(SO4)1.5·10H2O, has been discovered in the Cretaio Cu prospect, Massa Marittima, Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy, as very rare, light green, vitreous, tabular 0001, pseudo-hexagonal crystals, up to 200 µm in size and 5 µm in thickness, associated with brochantite. Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt %, average of 5 spot analyses): SO3 10.37, P2O5 3.41, As2O5 0.05, SiO2 8.13, Al2O3 5.54, Fe2O3 0.74, CuO 62.05, and ZnO 0.03, for a total of 90.32. Based on an idealized O content of 42 atoms per formula unit, assuming the presence of 16 H2O groups and 13.5 cations (without H), the empirical formula of tiberiobardiite is (Cu8.69Al0.21Fe0.10)Σ9.00Al1.00(Si1.51P0.54)Σ2.05S1.44O12.53(OH)13.47·16H2O. The main diffraction lines, corresponding to multiple hkl indices, are [d in Å (relative visual intensity)]: 9.4 (s), 4.67 (s), 2.576 (m), 2.330 (m), and 2.041 (mw). The crystal structure study revealed tiberiobardiite to be trigonal, space group R 3, with unit-cell parameters a = 10.6860(4), c = 28.3239(10) Å, V = 2801.0(2) Å3, and Z = 3. The crystal structure was refined to a final R1 = 0.060 for 1747 reflections with Fo > 4σ (Fo) and 99 refined parameters. Tiberiobardiite is the Si-analogue of chalcophyllite, with Si4+ replacing As5+ through the coupled substitution As5+ + O2− = Si4+ + (OH)−. The name tiberiobardiite honors Tiberio Bardi (b. 1960) for his contribution to the study of the mineralogy of Tuscany

Crystal-chemistry of sulfates from the Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. VIII. New data on khademite, Al(SO4)F(H2O)5

AbstractKhademite, ideally Al(SO4)F(H2O)5, from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy, has been characterised through quantitative electron microprobe analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Khademite occurs as colourless to whitish tabular crystals, up to 5 mm. Electron microprobe analysis (in wt.%, average of 20 spot analyses) gave: SO3 35.43, Al2O3 21.27, F 6.92, H2Ocalc 39.73, sum 103.35, –O = F 2.92, total 100.43. On the basis of 10 anions per formula unit, assuming the occurrence of 5 H2O groups and 1 (F+OH) atom per formula unit, its chemical formula can be written as Al0.96S1.02O4[F0.84(OH)0.16]Σ1.00⋅5H2O. The Raman spectrum of khademite is characterised by the occurrence of vibrational modes of SO4 groups and by broad and strong bands due to the O–H stretching modes. Khademite is orthorhombic, space group Pcab, with unit-cell parameters a = 11.1713(2), b = 13.0432(3), c = 10.8815(2) Å, V = 1585.54(5) Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure refinement converged to R1 = 0.0293 on the basis of 2359 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 152 refined parameters. The crystal structure of khademite is characterised by the alternation, along b, of two distinct kinds of {010} layers, one formed by [001] rows of isolated Al-centred octahedra, connected to each other through H bonds, and the other showing isolated SO4 groups. Along b, oxygen atoms belonging to SO4 groups act as acceptor of H bonds from H2O groups coordinating Al atoms. The new data improved the description of the H bonds in khademite and led us to discuss about the possible existence of its (OH)-analogue, rostite. In addition, Raman spectroscopic data were collected on the same crystal used for the crystal-chemical characterisation, allowing a comparison with previous results

Manganiakasakaite-(La) and Ferriakasakaite-(Ce), Two New Epidote Supergroup Minerals from Piedmont, Italy

Two new monoclinic (P21/m) epidote supergroup minerals manganiakasakaite-(La) and ferriakasakaite-(Ce) were found in the small Mn ore deposit of Monte Maniglia, Bellino, Varaita Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. Manganiakasakaite-(La) occurs as subhedral grains embedded in pyroxmangite. Its empirical formula is A(1)(Ca0.62Mn2+0.38) A(2)(La0.52Nd0.08Pr0.07Ce0.07Y0.01Ca0.25) M(1)(Mn3+0.52Fe3+0.28Al0.18V3+0.01) M(2)Al1.00 M(3)(Mn2+0.60Mn3+0.27Mg0.13) T(1−3)(Si2.99Al0.01) O12 (OH), corresponding to the end-member formula CaLaMn3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH). Unit-cell parameters are a = 8.9057(10), b = 5.7294(6), c = 10.1134(11) Å, β = 113.713(5)°, V = 472.46(9) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure of manganiakasakaite-(La) was refined to a final R1 = 0.0262 for 2119 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 125 refined parameters. Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) occurs as small homogeneous domains within strongly inhomogeneous prismatic crystals, where other epidote supergroup minerals coexist [manganiandrosite-(Ce), “androsite-(Ce)”, and epidote]. Associated minerals are calcite and hematite. Its empirical formula is A(1)(Ca0.64Mn2+0.36) A(2)(Ce0.37La0.17Nd0.06Pr0.03Ca0.35□0.02) M(1)(Fe3+0.61Al0.39) M(2)Al1.00 M(3)(Mn2+0.64Mn3+0.33Fe3+0.02Mg0.01) T(1−3)Si3.01 O12 (OH), the end-member formula being CaCeFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH). Unit-cell parameters are a = 8.9033(3), b = 5.7066(2), c = 10.1363(3) Å, β = 114.222(2)°, V = 469.66(3) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure of ferriakasakaite-(Ce) was refined to a final R1 = 0.0196 for 1960 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 124 refined parameters

Photographing the past: using cloud computing and photo-modelling for 3D historical architecture modelling

Historical architecture often features very detailed elements that are frequently characterized by complex ornamentation, such as capitals, vaulted arches, portals, mouldings etc. Modelling such highly detailed surfaces with traditional software packages can be a very difficult and time-consuming task. This poster discusses the combined use of two software applications to integrate traditional three-dimensional reconstructions of historical architecture and 3D models generated by semi-automatic photo-modelling. Two famous churches in Ravenna were used for the case studies: San Giovanni Evangelista and Spirito Santo. These churches are two outstanding examples of early Christian architecture in Ravenna; built between the 5th and the 6th centuries, they feature excellent examples of the key elements of religious architecture of late antiquity and the medieval period. The aim of the study was to document the modifications made to these churches through the centuries by means of a three-dimensional reconstruction that was chiefly created with the combined use of two open-source software programs: Blender was used to recreate the main structures such as walls, apses, roofs and windows, and Autodesk 123D Catch® was chosen to generate 3D textured models of the most detailed parts: capitals, portals, decorated columns and the ambo of Spirito Santo. The success of this technique demonstrates that the use of a hybrid workflow can simplify the generation of complex shapes, increase the level of detail, and speed up the whole modelling process

Photographing the past: using cloud computing and photo-modelling for 3D historical architecture modelling

Historical architecture often features very detailed elements that are frequently characterized by complex ornamentation, such as capitals, vaulted arches, portals, mouldings etc. Modelling such highly detailed surfaces with traditional software packages can be a very difficult and time-consuming task. This poster discusses the combined use of two software applications to integrate traditional three-dimensional reconstructions of historical architecture and 3D models generated by semi-automatic photo-modelling. Two famous churches in Ravenna were used for the case studies: San Giovanni Evangelista and Spirito Santo. These churches are two outstanding examples of early Christian architecture in Ravenna; built between the 5th and the 6th centuries, they feature excellent examples of the key elements of religious architecture of late antiquity and the medieval period. The aim of the study was to document the modifications made to these churches through the centuries by means of a three-dimensional reconstruction that was chiefly created with the combined use of two open-source software programs: Blender was used to recreate the main structures such as walls, apses, roofs and windows, and Autodesk 123D Catch® was chosen to generate 3D textured models of the most detailed parts: capitals, portals, decorated columns and the ambo of Spirito Santo. The success of this technique demonstrates that the use of a hybrid workflow can simplify the generation of complex shapes, increase the level of detail, and speed up the whole modelling process

Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XXII. Marcobaldiite, ~Pb 12 (Sb 3 As 2 Bi) Σ6 S 21 , a new member of the jordanite homologous series from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci

International audienc

A multi-disciplinary approach to the preservation of Cultural Heritage: a case study on the Piazzetta degli Ariani, Ravenna

The Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI) \u2013 Building and Construction of the University of Bologna is a \u2018cross-over\u2019 research board composed of several departments whose scholars come from different disciplines. their aim is to work together, share their know-hows, and dibate issues from different points of view. The pilot project concerns the \u2018Square of the Arians\u2019, Ravenna, Italy, suffering from chronic problems of physical and social deterioration, despite the fact that the Arian Baptistery is part of the Unesco World Heritage List. Moving from an analytical historical study of the site and of its sources, a large-scale operational project led to the reconstruction of different diachronic phases of the site through 15 centuries of history and has produced a 3D reconstruction and Virtual Tours for remote and mobile visualization. The results were displayed in July, 2013 by a conference and an open, multimedia exhibition in the Square itself, comprising 3D modelling, videos, interned-based support utilities, etc. Such a project represents a successful and flexible result to be adapted to different cases in the field of the preservation of the Cultural Heritage

A multi-disciplinary approach to the preservation of Cultural Heritage: a case study on the Piazzetta degli Ariani, Ravenna

The Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI) – Building and Construction of the University of Bologna is a ‘cross-over’ research board composed of several departments whose scholars come from different disciplines. their aim is to work together, share their know-hows, and dibate issues from different points of view. The pilot project concerns the ‘Square of the Arians’, Ravenna, Italy, suffering from chronic problems of physical and social deterioration, despite the fact that the Arian Baptistery is part of the Unesco World Heritage List. Moving from an analytical historical study of the site and of its sources, a large-scale operational project led to the reconstruction of different diachronic phases of the site through 15 centuries of history and has produced a 3D reconstruction and Virtual Tours for remote and mobile visualization. The results were displayed in July, 2013 by a conference and an open, multimedia exhibition in the Square itself, comprising 3D modelling, videos, interned-based support utilities, etc. Such a project represents a successful and flexible result to be adapted to different cases in the field of the preservation of the Cultural Heritage