A Random Bockstein Operator

As more of topology's tools become popular in analyzing high dimensional data sets, the goal of understanding the underlying probabilistic properties of these tools becomes even more important. While much attention has been given to understanding the probabilistic properties of methods that use homological groups in topological data analysis, the probabilistic properties of methods that employ cohomology operations remain unstudied. In this paper, we investigate the Bockstein operator with randomness in a strictly algebraic setting

Cohomology Operations On Random Spaces

Topology has recently received more attention from statisticians as some its tools have been applied to understanding the shape of data. In particular, a data set can generate a topological space, and this space’s topological structure can give us insight into some properties of the data. This framework has made it necessary to study random spaces generated by data. For example, without an understanding of the probabilistic properties of random spaces, one cannot conclude with any degree of confidence what the tools of topology tell us about a data set. While some results are known about the cohomological structure of a random space, not much is known about how cohomology operations behave on random spaces. This dissertation proves some results about the asymptotic properties of cohomology operations on random spaces and discusses the idea of a random Bockstein operation in a related purely algebraic context

Coupled reactive transport modeling - the program transport

The contribution presents the program Transport, which serves to simulation of column transport experiments. Its main function is not to predict results of experiments but to compare influence of individual physical and chemical processes to the experiment results. The one-dimensional advection-diffusion model is based on Finite Volume Method; it includes the triple porosity concept, sorption, retardation, and chemical reactions simulated using connected program React from The Geochemist‘s Workbench package or PhreeqC. Due to these geochemical programs, the user has extensive possibilities of chemistry simulation during transport. The program Transport simulates not only the processes inside the column but also preparation of entering solutions and measurement methods of outgoing solution parameters. Important part of the contribution would be demonstration of results of simulation of real transport column experiments recently realized at the Technical University of Liberec

In Utero Domoic Acid Toxicity: A Fetal Basis to Adult Disease in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

California sea lions have been a repeated subject of investigation for early life toxicity, which has been documented to occur with increasing frequency from late February through mid-May in association with organochlorine (PCB and DDT) poisoning and infectious disease in the 1970’s and domoic acid poisoning in the last decade. The mass early life mortality events result from the concentrated breeding grounds and synchronization of reproduction over a 28 day post partum estrus cycle and 11 month in utero phase. This physiological synchronization is triggered by a decreasing photoperiod of 11.48 h/day that occurs approximately 90 days after conception at the major California breeding grounds. The photoperiod trigger activates implantation of embryos to proceed with development for the next 242 days until birth. Embryonic diapause is a selectable trait thought to optimize timing for food utilization and male migratory patterns; yet from the toxicological perspective presented here also serves to synchronize developmental toxicity of pulsed environmental events such as domoic acid poisoning. Research studies in laboratory animals have defined age-dependent neurotoxic effects during development and windows of susceptibility to domoic acid exposure. This review will evaluate experimental domoic acid neurotoxicity in developing rodents and, aided by comparative allometric projections, will analyze potential prenatal toxicity and exposure susceptibility in the California sea lion. This analysis should provide a useful tool to forecast fetal toxicity and understand the impact of fetal toxicity on adult disease of the California sea lion

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid's response to host footprints

The plant surface is the substrate upon which herbivorous insects and natural enemies meet and thus represents the stage for interactions between the three trophic levels. Plant surfaces are covered by an epicuticular wax layer which is highly variable depending on species, cultivar or plant part. Differences in wax chemistry may modulate ecological interactions. We explored whether caterpillars of Spodoptera frugiperda, when walking over a plant surface, leave a chemical trail (kairomones) that can be detected by the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Chemistry and micromorphology of cuticular waxes of two barley eceriferum wax mutants (cer-za.126, cer-yp.949) and wild type cv. Bonus (wt) were assessed. The plants were then used to investigate potential surface effects on the detectability of caterpillar kairomones. Here we provide evidence that C. marginiventris responds to chemical footprints of its host. Parasitoids were able to detect the kairomone on wild type plants and on both cer mutants but the response to cer-yp.949 (reduced wax, high aldehyde fraction) was less pronounced. Experiments with caterpillar-treated wt and mutant leaves offered simultaneously, confirmed this observation: no difference in wasp response was found when wt was tested against cer-za.126 (reduced wax, wt-like chemical composition) but wt was significantly more attractive than cer-yp.949. This demonstrates for the first time that the wax layer can modulate the detectability of host kairomones

A random Bockstein operator

As more of topology’s tools become popular in analyzing high-dimensional data sets, the goal of understanding the underlying probabilistic properties of these tools becomes even more important. While much attention has been given to understanding the probabilistic properties of methods that use homological groups in topological data analysis, the probabilistic properties of methods that employ cohomology operations remain unstudied. In this paper, we investigate the Bockstein operator with randomness in a strictly algebraic setting

Substrate Photoswitching for Rate Enhancement of an Organocatalytic Cyclization Reaction

In this article, we report that applying in situ LED-NMR irradiation with appropriate wavelength resulted in the photoswitching of an α,β-unsaturated hydrazone C=N double bond configuration. This reaction was previously reported to be the first step in a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction, where the minor but stable Z -isomer is the reactive intermediate. By enhancing the rate of the isomerization, we could show that the overall rate of the cyclization could be increased and followed directly by NMR kinetics. Exclusively light with a specific wavelength matching the isomerization process affected the cyclization. The light- and acid-mediated isomerization provide complementary pathways that can be exploited in synthetic applications to increase reaction rates of asymmetric transformations, especially in reactions requiring high loadings of elaborate chiral catalysts