Design and development of intelligent fingerprint-based security system

Traditionally, user authentication is meant to provide an identification number or a password that is unique and well protected to assure the overall system security. This type of security system is very fragile in an area where a higher level of security system is required. Biometrics-based system offers a new and better approach to user authentication. Biometrics authentication is an automated method whereby an individual identity is confirmed by examining a unique physiological trait or behavioural characteristic, such as fingerprint, iris, or signature, since physiological traits have stable physical characteristics. The design and development of a fingerprint-based security system, comprising the scanner, interface system, Boltzmann machine neural network and access control system is discussed in this paper. The integration between the hardware and the software is completed by using Visual Basic 6 programming language. The results obtained both for the simulation studies and testing of the integrated system with real-life physical system have demonstrated the practicality of such system as well as its potential applications in many fields

Availability assessment of free-space-optics links with rain data from tropical climates

Rainfall in tropical environments acts as a dominant parameter for estimating the availability of free-space optics (FSO). Long fades are caused by precipitation in particular heavy rains, and this precipitation increases atmospheric attenuation due to rain and reduces the availability of optical power from FSO links. In this paper, the link availability of an FSO system is estimated under the impact of rain in a tropical climate. The influence of rain on the propagation of FSO signal is investigated based on experimental and statistical analyses of rain-rate measurements under tropical conditions. Rain-rate data are measured in Malaysia for three years and used to estimate the availability of FSO links. Models developed in Malaysia are used to predict atmospheric attenuation due to rain. Long-term statistical measurements of rain data can enable good estimation of link availability. Based on the prediction model and measured rain-rate data, the FSO link budget is analyzed, and the link availability as a function of distance is predicted. Carrier class availability limits the FSO link to a few hundred meters only, whereas enterprise class availability can exceed FSO links over a few kilometers long

Availability analysis of terrestrial free space optical link under the impact of rain condition

Availability is one of the main factors to measure the QoS of any telecommunication networks. An accurate availability prediction for Free Space Optical link of carrier class grade is needed. In tropical areas, rain is the most dominant factor affecting the FSO link availability. In this paper, the effect of rain attenuation on the availability of FSO links is analyzed by examining the impact distance of different FSO systems. As the rain attenuation of FSO is independent of wavelength, the analysis of rain attenuation will be based on rain intensity. ITU-R (Carbonneau and Japan) models have been used for the analysis. From the results; Carrier class availability with good enough resolution for estimated availability can be predicted. This paper provides recommendations to FSO researchers in general and local telecom service provider in particular about possible availability figures that can be useful for deployment of FSO link as a last mile solution, back-up for fiber optic and other applications

Availability modeling of terrestrial hybrid FSO/RF based on weather statistics from tropical region

Free-space optical (FSO) communication links are point-to-point wireless technologies. It provides high data rates up to gigabit per second. FSO link availability is easily affected by different weather conditions. Radio-frequency (RF) can be a complimentary link to the FSO link to increase the availability. Hybrid FSO/RF is a feasible technology for providing high availability of point-to-point wireless links. In tropical regions, normally RF link is relatively sensitive to rain. Availability prediction of hybrid FSO/RF with the selection of suitable RF is indispensable, especially in tropical regions. In this paper, empirical models are proposed to predict the link availability of RF, and hybrid FSO/RF over link ranges up to 5 km. The availability prediction models are based on long-term statistics of atmospheric attenuations from the tropical climate zone. The RF link availability prediction model is developed for frequency ranges from 10 GHz to 100 GHz using the ITU-R rain attenuation model. It is link distance, fade margin, and radio frequency dependent. The proposed availability models can predict carrier as well as enterprise class availability. The availabilities predicted by proposed models are found in good agreement with those estimated by ITU-R

Development of a river basin monitoring system for Malaysia

Floods are one of the major disasters occurring all over the world, including Malaysia. It can lead to the destruction of facilities, infrastructures as well as properties. Minimizing the risk of hazards and loss can be achieved by implementing several measures. Motivated by one of the biggest flood disasters ever occurred in the country, this monitoring system is developed as a means to reduce the risk of loss and damages. Monitoring rainfall rates may assist the community as it can provide early flood forecasting even though it cannot fully prevent the flood. Besides, it can give additional information on the probability of landslide occurrences. This paper presents the development of a useful and reliable rainfall rate monitoring system for online hydrological stations in Kelantan. The whole process in the development of this first prototype are conducted and performed using open-source software and tools such as Visual Basic and Quantum GIS (QGIS)

Generic patient-centered blockchain-based EHR management system

Accessing healthcare services by several stakeholders for diagnosis and treatment has become quite prevalent owing to the improvement in the industry and high levels of patient mobility. Due to the confidentiality and high sensitivity of electronic healthcare records (EHR), the majority of EHR data sharing is still conducted via fax or mail because of the lack of systematic infrastructure support for secure and reliable health data transfer, delaying the process of patient care. As a result, it is critically essential to provide a framework that allows for the efficient exchange and storage of large amounts of medical data in a secure setting. The objective of this research is to develop a Patient-Centered Blockchain-Based EHR Management (PCEHRM) system that allows patients to manage their healthcare records across multiple stakeholders and to facilitate patient privacy and control without the need for a centralized infrastructure by means of granting or revoking access or viewing one’s records. We used an Ethereum blockchain and IPFS (inter-planetary file system) to store records because of its advantage of being distributed and ensuring the immutability of records and allowing for the decentralized storage of medical metadata, such as medical reports. To achieve secure a distributed, and trustworthy access control policy, we proposed an Ethereum smart contract termed the patient-centric access control protocol. We demonstrate how the PCEHRM system design enables stakeholders such as patients, labs, researchers, etc., to obtain patient-centric data in a distributed and secure manner and integrate utilizing a web-based interface for the patient and all users to initiate the EHR sharing transactions. Finally, we tested the proposed framework in the Windows environment by compiling a smart contract prototype using Truffle and deploy on Ethereum usingWeb3. The proposed system was evaluated in terms of the projected medical data storage costs for the IPFS on blockchain, and the execution time for a different number of peers and document sizes. The findings of the study indicate that the proposed strategy is both efficient and practicable