Kemampuan Adsorpsi Zeolit Alam Terimpregnasi Asam Lemak Hidroksamat sebagai Agen Pengkelat Ion Logam Tembaga

One of the way to recycle heavy metals in the prevention of environmental pollution is by using a solid-liquid extraction method through the impregnation mechanism of chelating agent in the adsorbent to increase its ability to bind heavy metal ions. In this study, the impregnation of fatty hydroxamic acids (FHA) successfully carried out on active natural zeolite (ZAA). This is has been done to increase the maximum adsorption capacity of ZAA towards heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to examine the adsorption ability of FHA impregnated onto ZAA as a chelating agent in copper metal ions by using column chromatography. This column contains FHA, which synthesized from crude rice bran oil and impregnated onto ZAA. There are several parameters were investigated, they are, the effect of FHA concentration, mass of FHA-ZAA resin and pH of the metal ion sample. From this study, the concentration of FHA impregnated on the zeolite surface reached 41.60%. The optimum conditions for Cu(II) adsorption by FHA-ZAA were as follows: mass ratio of FHA-ZAA resin with Cu(II) concentration (g : ppm) was 1:100 and the optimum condition of Cu(II) ion was at pH

Studi Pengaruh Rasio Logam Prekursor Mo/Ni terhadap Karakter Keasaman dan Morfologi Katalis K-Ni-Mo/ZAA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keasaman dan morfologi karakter katalis K-Ni-Mo/ZAA pada berbagai rasio logam prekursor Mo/Ni. Tahapan penelitian meliputi aktivasi zeolit ​​alam Ende-Flores secara hidrotermal dan aktivasi kimia menggunakan HF, HCl, dan NH4Cl. Proses sintesis katalis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi. Nikel nitrat heksahidrat dan Amonium molibdat tetrahidrat sebagai prekursor. Sebagai zat pereduksi menggunakan natrium borohidrida. Variasi rasio atom logam prekursor Mo/Ni adalah 0; 0,3; 0,6, 1. Aktivasi katalis melalui proses kalsinasi dalam atmosfer nitrogen. Penentuan keasaman total menggunakan metode gravimetri uap piridin, gugus fungsi diuji menggunakan instrumen FT-IR. Morfologi permukaan katalis dipelajari menggunakan mikroskop elektron transmisi (TEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan memvariasikan rasio logam prekursor Mo/Ni mengakibatkan katalis memiliki keasaman total yang berbeda, pola spektrum FT-IR, dan morfologi permukaan yang berbeda. Keasaman permukaan katalis meningkat dari ZA, ZAA, dan K-Ni/ZAA, kemudian menurun pada rasio 0,3, 0,6, dan 1. Katalis K-Ni/ZAA memiliki keasaman tertinggi. Hasil karakterisasi katalis menggunakan TEM menunjukkan bahwa citra permukaan katalis bervariasi pada berbagai rasio logam prekursor Mo/Ni. Semakin banyak jumlah logam Mo yang terdispersi pada permukaan ZAA, distribusi partikel logam pada permukaan katalis tidak merata, dan munculnya agregasi partike

Ha - za - zaa

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/3606/thumbnail.jp

Polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering including parity and time reversal violating contributions

The general formalism for polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering is extended to incorporate parity and time reversal violating contributions. Parity violating effects arise from the interference of $\gamma$ and $Z$ exchange as well as from the hadronic sector via a small parity violating component in the deuteron. In addition we have allowed for time reversal invariance violating contributions in the hadronic sector. Formal expressions for the additional structure functions are derived, and their decomposition into the various multipole contributions are given explicitly.Comment: 34 pages Revte

Twistor relative locality

We present a version of relative locality based on the geometry of twistor space. This can also be thought of as a new kind of deformation of twistor theory based on the construction of a bundle of twistor spaces over momentum space. Locality in space-time is emergent and is deformed in a precise way when a connection on that bundle is non-flat. This gives a precise and controlled meaning to Penrose's hypothesis that quantum gravity effects will deform twistor space in such a way as to maintain causality and relativistic invariance while weakening the notion that interactions take place at points in spacetime.Comment: LaTex 10 pages, no figure

Discontinuous Almost Automorphic Functions and Almost Automorphic Solutions of Differential Equations with Piecewise Constant Argument

In this article we introduce a class of discontinuous almost automorphic functions which appears naturally in the study of almost automorphic solutions of differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Their fundamental properties are used to prove the almost automorphicity of bounded solutions of a system of differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Due to the strong discrete character of these equations, the existence of a unique discrete almost automorphic solution of a non-autonomous almost automorphic difference system is obtained, for which conditions of exponential dichotomy and discrete Bi-almost automorphicity are fundamental

Direct sums and products in topological groups and vector spaces

We call a subset $A$ of an abelian topological group $G$: (i) $absolutely$ $Cauchy$ $summable$ provided that for every open neighbourhood $U$ of $0$ one can find a finite set $F\subseteq A$ such that the subgroup generated by $A\setminus F$ is contained in $U$; (ii) $absolutely$ $summable$ if, for every family $\{z_a:a\in A\}$ of integer numbers, there exists $g\in G$ such that the net \left\{\sum_{a\in F} z_a a: F\subseteq A\mbox{ is finite}\right\} converges to $g$; (iii) $topologically$ $independent$ provided that $0\not \in A$ and for every neighbourhood $W$ of $0$ there exists a neighbourhood $V$ of $0$ such that, for every finite set $F\subseteq A$ and each set $\{z_a:a\in F\}$ of integers, $\sum_{a\in F}z_aa\in V$ implies that $z_aa\in W$ for all $a\in F$. We prove that: (1) an abelian topological group contains a direct product (direct sum) of $\kappa$-many non-trivial topological groups if and only if it contains a topologically independent, absolutely (Cauchy) summable subset of cardinality $\kappa$; (2) a topological vector space contains $\mathbb{R}^{(\mathbb{N})}$ as its subspace if and only if it has an infinite absolutely Cauchy summable set; (3) a topological vector space contains $\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}$ as its subspace if and only if it has an $\mathbb{R}^{(\mathbb{N})}$ multiplier convergent series of non-zero elements. We answer a question of Hu\v{s}ek and generalize results by Bessaga-Pelczynski-Rolewicz, Dominguez-Tarieladze and Lipecki