Learners’ Motivation and the Implications for Classroom Teaching

Motivation accounts for remarkable and significant places in individual differences and L2 acquisition. Moreover, its implications for classroom teaching seem to be more practical, which makes a great difference to teachers who can completely understand and take advantage of the implications. Keywords: motivation; classroom teaching Résumé: La motivation joue un rôle remarquable et signifiant dans les différences individuelles et l’acquissions de L2. Pourtant, ses implications pour l’apprentissage en classe apparaissent plus pratiques, ce qui engendre une grande différence dans les enseignants qui peuvent comprendre complètement et en bien profiter. Mots-clés: motivation, apprentissage en classe

Application of prenatal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging on fetal agenesis of corpus callosum

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical application of prenatal ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for different types of fetal Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (ACC). Material and methods: There were 42 cases of fetal ACC discovered by routine US, including complete ACC 18 cases and partial ACC 24 cases, checked by MRI within 1 week. The results were confirmed by head ultrasound after birth or brain biopsy after labor induction. Results: From prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis, 18 cases were complete ACC and 24 cases were partial ACC. MRI was able to find complete ACC in 11 cases, partial ACC in 16 cases, and non-ACC in 15 cases. Labor induction or birth confirmed that, 11 cases were complete ACC, 14 cases were partial ACC, and 17 cases were non-ACC.The results of different types of ACC were detected by ultrasound and MRI were statistically significant (p < 0.05).MRI examination was superior to ultrasound in specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden index, and diagnostic index. Conclusions: MRI is high specific degrees, diagnostic performance is satisfactory, should be use as a necessary method for prenatal definitive diagnosis of ACC. However, prenatal ultrasound can be tested repeatedly and can be combined with blood flow imaging detection in real time, and it is still the preferred method for screening fetal structural malformation in a comprehensive way, which is suitable for general screening of ACC

The Application of Theme/rheme Coherence Device in Discourse Teaching under Cognitive Framework

The repetitive coherence of theme and rheme comes through one of the important cohesive devices which make texture coherent and progressing. From cognitive point of view, applying the mode of thematic and rheme into English language teaching can display its tool function for texture. It also contributes to the understanding and interpretation of coherent discourses, and to the way in teaching reading and writing. Therefore，learners will leap forward from their cognitive level. Key words: cognition, coherence of theme and rheme, English language teaching Résumé: Le raccordement répété de thème-rhème est un des moyens importants de réaliser la cohérence et la continuité du texte. Et c’est grâce à ces moyens de cohérence que le texte s’acquiert la cohésion. L’application du système de cohérence à l’enseignement du texte anglais montre son utilité comme instrument textuel, offre de nouvelles perspectives pour l’enseignement de rédaction et de lecture en anglais, et aide les apprenants à approfondir leur compréhension. Mots-clés: cognition, cohérence de thème-rhème, enseignement textuel 摘要：語篇中主述位的反復銜接是實現語篇銜接和連貫的重要手段之一，而正是這些語篇銜接的手段使得主、述位達到層層推進，構成連貫的語篇。從認知的角度將主述位銜接機制應用於英語篇章教學，可展示其作為篇章工具的使用性，也可以為英語寫作和閱讀教學提供更為清新的思路，使英語學習者從認知上達到一個飛躍。 關鍵詞：認知；主述位銜接；篇章教

The temporal trend of disease burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in China, 1990–2019 : An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study

Background and aims: The disease burden attributable to metabolic risk factors is rapidly increasing in China, especially in older people. The objective of this study was to (i) estimate the pattern and trend of six metabolic risk factors and attributable causes in China from 1990 to 2019, (ii) ascertain its association with societal development, and (iii) compare the disease burden among the Group of 20 (G20) countries. Methods: The main outcome measures were disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and mortality (deaths) attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), high systolic blood pressure (HSBP), high low-density lipoprotein (HLDL) cholesterol, high body-mass index (HBMI), kidney dysfunction (KDF), and low bone mineral density (LBMD). The average annual percent change (AAPC) between 1990 and 2019 was analyzed using Joinpoint regression. Results: For all six metabolic risk factors, the rate of DALYs and death increased with age, accelerating for individuals older than 60 and 70 for DALYs and death, respectively. The AAPC value in rate of DALYs and death were higher in male patients than in female patients across 20 age groups. A double-peak pattern was observed for AAPC in the rate of DALYs and death, peaking at age 20–49 and at age 70–95 plus. The age-standardized rate of DALYs increased for HBMI and LBMD, decreased for HFPG, HSBP, KDF, and remained stable for HLDL from 1990 to 2019. In terms of age-standardized rate of DALYs, there was an increasing trend of neoplasms and neurological disorders attributable to HFPG; diabetes and kidney diseases, neurological disorders, sense organ diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases to HBMI; unintentional injuries to LBMD; and musculoskeletal disorders to KDF. Among 19 countries of Group 20, in 2019, the age-standardized rate of DALYs and death were ranked fourth to sixth for HFPG, HSBP, and HLDL, but ranked 10th to 15th for LBMD, KDF, and HBMI, despite the number of DALYs and death ranked first to second for six metabolic risk factors. Conclusions: Population aging continuously accelerates the metabolic risk factor driven disease burden in China. Comprehensive and tight control of metabolic risk factors before 20 and 70 may help to mitigate the increasing disease burden and achieve healthy aging, respectively

Study of J/ψJ/\psi and ψ(3686)→Σ(1385)0Σˉ(1385)0\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0} and Ξ0Ξˉ0\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}

We study the decays of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)$ to the final states $\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$ and $\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}$ based on a single baryon tag method using data samples of $(1310.6 \pm 7.0) \times 10^{6}$ $J/\psi$ and $(447.9 \pm 2.9) \times 10^{6}$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The decays to $\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$ are observed for the first time. The measured branching fractions of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Xi^0\bar\Xi^{0}$ are in good agreement with, and much more precise, than the previously published results. The angular parameters for these decays are also measured for the first time. The measured angular decay parameter for $J/\psi\rightarrow\Sigma(1385)^{0}\bar\Sigma(1385)^{0}$, $\alpha =-0.64 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.10$, is found to be negative, different to the other decay processes in this measurement. In addition, the "12\% rule" and isospin symmetry in the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)\rightarrow\Xi\bar\Xi$ and $\Sigma(1385)\bar{\Sigma}(1385)$ systems are tested.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. This version is consistent with paper published in Phys.Lett. B770 (2017) 217-22

Precision Measurement of the Mass of the τ\tau Lepton

An energy scan near the $\tau$ pair production threshold has been performed using the BESIII detector. About $24$ pb$^{-1}$ of data, distributed over four scan points, was collected. This analysis is based on $\tau$ pair decays to $ee$, $e\mu$, $eh$, $\mu\mu$, $\mu h$, $hh$, $e\rho$, $\mu\rho$ and $\pi\rho$ final states, where $h$ denotes a charged $\pi$ or $K$. The mass of the $\tau$ lepton is measured from a maximum likelihood fit to the $\tau$ pair production cross section data to be $m_{\tau} = (1776.91\pm0.12 ^{+0.10}_{-0.13}$) MeV/$c^2$, which is currently the most precise value in a single measurement.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Search for the radiative transitions ψ(3770)→γηc\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c and γηc(2S)\gamma\eta_c(2S)

By using a 2.92 fb$^{-1}$ data sample taken at $\sqrt{s} = 3.773$ GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we search for the radiative transitions $\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c$ and $\gamma\eta_c(2S)$ through the hadronic decays $\eta_c(\eta_c(2S))\to K^0_SK^\pm\pi^\mp$. No significant excess of signal events above background is observed. We set upper limits at a 90% confidence level for the product branching fractions to be $\mathcal{B}(\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c)\times \mathcal{B}(\eta_c\to K^0_SK^\pm\pi^\mp) < 1.6\times10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S))\times \mathcal{B}(\eta_c(2S)\to K^0_SK^\pm\pi^\mp) < 5.6\times10^{-6}$. Combining our result with world-average values of $\mathcal{B}(\eta_c(\eta_c(2S))\to K^0_SK^\pm\pi^\mp)$, we find the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c) < 6.8\times10^{-4}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\psi(3770)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S)) < 2.0\times10^{-3}$ at a 90% confidence level.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Search for C-parity violation in J/ψ→γγJ/ \psi \to \gamma\gamma and γϕ \gamma \phi

Using $1.06\times10^8$ $\psi(3686)$ events recorded in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 3.686 GeV with the BESIII at the BEPCII collider, we present searches for C-parity violation in $J/\psi \to \gamma\gamma$ and $\gamma \phi$ decays via $\psi(3686) \to J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-$. No significant signals are observed in either channel. Upper limits on the branching fractions are set to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to \gamma\gamma) < 2.7 \times 10^{-7}$ and $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to \gamma\phi) < 1.4 \times 10^{-6}$ at the 90\% confidence level. The former is one order of magnitude more stringent than the previous upper limit, and the latter represents the first limit on this decay channel.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure