Dental, dermatological and radiographic findings in a case of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome: report and review

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. The disease shows multiple organ involvement with variable clinical presentation. Thus a multidisciplinary approach is required for its prompt clinical diagnosis and management of this condition. This paper highlights a case of GGS presenting in a young male patient with cranial, facial, dermatological, dental and skeletal involvement. The diagnosis of the syndrome was based on its clinical presentation, radiological features and histopathological findings. A review of the diagnostic criteria is also presented.Keywords: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, kertocystic odontogenic tumo

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF THREE-COMPONENT IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMULATION

ABSTRACT:An accurate, simple, reproducible andsensitive method for the determination ofparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate in tablet dosage form is developed andvalidated. The separation is achieved usingHiQsilC18HS reverse-phase column (250 X 4.6mm I.D., particle size 5μm) using a mixture ofacetonitrile and water in the proportion 55:300with final pH of 2.4 adjusted with o-phosphoricacid as a mobile phase. The flow rate is 1.0mL/ min and effluents were monitored at 265nm. Total run time is less than 12 min. andretention time of paracetamol, caffeine andchlorpheniramine maleate are 6.742, 9.417, and3.683 min respectively. Validation of method isdone as per ICH guideline for accuracy,precision, linearity, specificity, and sensitivity.The linearity for paracetamol is found to be100-650 μg/mL where as for caffeine andchlorpheniramine maleate is found in the rangeof 15-100 μg/mL. Result of validation study isfound statistically significant because all thestatistical parameters were within theacceptance range (COV and S.D. <1.0 for bothaccuracy and precision). The limits of detection(LOD) values are 1.2014, 0.4587 and 0.8945and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values are0.5142, 0.4512 and 0.7845 μg/mL forparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate respectively. High percentage recoveryand low COV value revealed the reliability ofthe method for quantitative study of threedrugs in Fevril tablets as a quality-control toolfor routine quantitative determination ofparacetamol, caffeine and chlorpheniraminemaleate

A retrospective study to assess and correlate maternal periodontal status with term of pregnancy and weight of newborn

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the tooth supporting structures; studies have shown that it also affects the systemic health and conditions like pregnancy. With this background the present retrospective study was conducted to assess and correlate periodontal status of pregnant women with their pregnancy outcome.Methods: A total of 150 pregnant women two days postpartum were examined for periodontal status using following parameters: Oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-S), modified gingival index (MGI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The level of education, body mass index (BMI), gestational age and weight of the baby were recorded and correlated with the periodontal status.Results: Out of 150 women, 83 (55.3%) women suffered from gingivitis and 67 (44.7%) had periodontitis. The incidence of preterm low birth weight babies was seen in 65 (43.33%) women. Body mass index, education level and periodontal disease were significantly associated with preterm low birth weight infants.Conclusions: A significant association was found between periodontitis and preterm low birth infants. The promotion of early detection and treatment of periodontal diseases in women before and during pregnancy will be beneficial. This will minimize the cost of post natal care and morbidity in the new born

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Commercially Available Mouthrinses in Reducing Aerolised Bacteria During Ultrasonic Scaling When Used as a Preprocedural Rinse.

Objective:To compare and evaluate the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and commercially available herbal mouthrinse in reducing aerolized bacteria when used as a preprocedural mouth rinse.Materials and Methods:A total of 45 patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 15 patients who rinsed with distilled water for 60 seconds. Group II consisted of 15 patients who rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (Clohex®) for 60 seconds and Group III consisted of 15 patients who rinsed with herbal mouthwash (Hiora®) for 60 seconds. Aerosols produced during the oral prophylaxis procedure were collected on blood agar plates by exposing the plates at patient’s and dentist’s chest area and the exposed plates were incubated at 37°c aerobically for 48 hours. The number of colony forming units (CFU) in aerosol and CFU in the saliva were counted and statistically analyzed. Results:Reduction in the bacterial load using 0.2% of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash is found to be significant at both patient’s and dentist’s chest area in aerosol produced during scaling followed by herbal mouthrinse.Conclusion:The results of the present study clearly indicate that pre-procedural rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate was significantly more effective than herbal mouthrinse in reducing the aerolized bacteria during ultrasonic scaling. Therefore a pre-procedural rinse can significantly reduce the risk for cross contamination

Piezosurgery in periodontology and oral implantology

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures. The treatment of this condition is largely based on the removal of local factors and restoration of the bony architecture. Moreover, in the era of modern dentistry, successful implant therapy often requires sound osseous support. Traditionally, osseous surgery has been performed by either manual or motor-driven instruments. However, both these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a novel surgical approach using piezoelectric device has been introduced in the field of periodontology and oral implantology. This article discusses about the wide range of application of this novel technique in periodontology

Estimation of the total antioxidant capacity of whole blood in patients with chronic periodontitis using the Nitroblue Tetrazolium reduction test

  Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only play an important role in metabolic processes & cell signalling but are also thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders including periodontitis.  The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity in whole blood in patients with and without chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty non smoking volunteers (16 males and 14 females) consisting 15 subjects with chronic periodontitis, & 15 subjects with healthy periodontium with age ranging between 18-40 yrs were included in this study. After clinical measurement and samplings, total antioxidant capacity in whole blood was assessed using Nitroblue Tetrazolium reduction test. Results: The total antioxidant capacity in whole blood in patients with periodontitis was significantly (p<0.005) lower than in healthy subjects. Conclusions: The present study raise the necessity to search whether this reduced antioxidant defence reflects inherent deficiencies predisposing to periodontitis or a result from the inflammatory lesion which still remains unclear. Finally, the reduced total blood antioxidant status in periodontitis subjects warrants further investigation as it may provide a mechanistic link between periodontal disease and several other free radical-associated chronic inflammatory diseases. Key words: Chronic periodontitis, antioxidant, total antioxidant Capacity, oxidative stress, nitroblue tetrazoliu

FOUR DIFFERENT STAINING METHODS FOR DETECTION OF MITOTIC FIGURES IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

In the diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral epithelial dysplasia, evaluation of mitotic figures (MFs) is often performed. Numerous techniques, like microscopy, flow cytometry, nucleotide radio labelling, as well as immuno-histochemistry, have been developed throughout time to evaluate the MFs. The most modern techniques are more precise for everyday usage, but because of time and money constraints, they are less practical. In the current research, mitotic figures in various stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma were examined using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain, Crystal Violet stain, Giemsa stain and Toluidine Blue stain. Based on statistical comparison, the number of mitotic figures seen in each of the four distinct stains was compared

USING 2MM TITANIUM MINIPLATES AND 3D LOCKING PLATE IN THE TREATMENT OF SYMPHYSIS AND PARA-SYMPHYSIS FRACTURE OF MANDIBLE

Introduction: In India, the most frequent surgical emergency is perforation peritonitis. Despite improvements in surgical methods, antimicrobial therapy, and critical care support, peritonitis treatment remains a very demanding, challenging, and complicated task. The highest dependability on the Risks' assessment is achieved by MPI, enabling the individual prognosis of peritonitis patients to be predicted. Objectives: The goal of the current research was to use Mannheim's Peritonitis Index to assess the prognosis for patients with perforation peritonitis. Results: In the current research, we found that the majority of the participants were men (65.38%) and that the bulk of the cases belonged to the 46-55 year age group (25%), which was followed by the 36-45 year age group (23.07%). The most common perforation found in the patients was duodenal (42.30%), which was followed by appendicular (13.46%), gastric (28.84%), fileal (9.61%), jejunal (3.8%), and colonic perforations (1.9%). Conclusion: The majority of research participants (46.15%) reported MPI scores between 21 and 29, followed by situations where the MPI score was more than 29, and cases where the MPI score was less than 21, in that order (38.46%)

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess and Correlate Osteoporosis and Periodontitis among Postmenopausal Women: A Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Study

Background: Periodontitis and osteoporosis are two diseases found worldwide and increase in intensity with increasing age of the patients. The severity of osteoporosis and periodontitis are found to be more in women during menopause. The aim of this study was to assess and correlate osteoporosis and periodontal disease among post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 94 postmenopausal women in the age range of 45–65 years. All the women underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and were graded as normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic based on the T score obtained. Data regarding patient's educational level, socioeconomic status (SES), and body mass index (BMI) was recorded. A detailed periodontal examination was carried out using clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index (OHI), plaque Index (PI), probing pocket depth , and clinical attachment loss to check the level of periodontitis. The level of osteoporosis was correlated with the level of periodontitis. Results: The DXA scan revealed that four women were normal, 44 were osteopenic and 46 were osteoporotic. There was no association found between BMD and OHI, PI, educational status, SES, and BMI. Slight periodontitis was observed in eight women, moderate periodontitis in 62, and severe periodontitis in 24 women. Result suggests that there was a statistical correlation between periodontitis and osteoporosis (P = 0.045). Conclusion: There is a definite correlation found between the severity of periodontitis and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. A close cooperation between general practitioners and dentists in early diagnosis and treatment of both the diseases will reduce the risk and morbidity among postmenopausal women

Cell- and gene- based therapeutics for periodontal regeneration

Periodontitis is a disease of the periodontium, characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting the alveolar bone. Therefore, to regenerate these lost tissues of the periodontium researchers have included a variety of surgical procedures including grafting materials growth factors and the use of barrier membranes, ultimately resulting into regeneration that is biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. Recently a newer approach of delivering DNA plasmids as therapeutic agents is gaining special attention and is called gene delivery method. Gene therapy being considered a novel approach have a potential to channel their signals in a very systematic and controlled manner thereby providing encoded proteins at all stages of tissue regeneration. The aim of this review was to enlighten a view on the application involving gene delivery and tissue engineering in periodontal regeneration