Atypical clinical presentation and long-term survival in a patient with optic nerve medulloepithelioma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Medulloepithelioma is a rare congenital tumor of the primitive medullary neuroepithelium. A significant proportion of patients with medulloepithelioma arising from the optic nerve die from intracranial spread or cerebral metastasis. Because it has no known distinct clinical features and because of its low frequency, this tumor presents within the first two to six years of life and is usually misdiagnosed clinically as a different type of optic nerve tumor. Here, we describe a new and atypical case of medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a 12-year-old boy. To the best of our knowledge, he is the oldest reported patient to present with this disease and, now as an adult, has the longest documented period of disease-free survival.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 12-year-old Caucasian boy with headache and unilateral amaurosis was referred for a presumed optic nerve glioma to our hospital. A computed tomography scan showed optic nerve enlargement, and fundoscopy showed a whitish mass at the optic disc. Our patient had been followed at his local hospital for four years for an 'optic disc cyst' with no change or progression. He experienced mild progressive visual impairment during that period. He was admitted for resection, and a histopathological analysis revealed a medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve. Supplemental orbital radiotherapy was performed. He remained disease-free for 25 years.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve can clinically mimic more common pediatric tumors, such as optic glioma, meningioma, or retinoblastoma. Thus, medulloepithelioma should be included in the differential diagnoses of pediatric optic nerve lesions. Fundoscopy in these patients may provide relevant information for diagnosis. Anterior optic nerve medulloepitheliomas may behave differently from and have a better prognosis than medulloepitheliomas that have a more posterior location. Our case report illustrates that long-term survival can be achieved in patients with this malignant tumor.</p

Posterior uveal melanoma in adolescents and children: current perspectives

Matthew V Fry,1 James J Augsburger,1 June Hall,2 Z&eacute;lia M Corr&ecirc;a21Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 2Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Recognizing that &lt;1% of all uveal melanomas occur in young persons, and that very few clinicians encounter more than a few such cases over an extended career, we felt that a retrospective review of literature and sharing of our clinical experience would be appropriate to remind readers about this age subgroup of patients with posterior uveal&nbsp;melanoma. This interest stems from the increase in reported cases of uveal melanoma in younger individuals and recent advances in the field. Keywords:&nbsp;uveal melanoma, choroid melanoma, ciliary body melanoma, posterior uveal melanoma, prognosis melanoma, incidenc

Atributos físicos do solo, adubado com lodo de esgoto e silicato de cálcio e magnésio

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de lodo de esgoto e de silicato de cálcio e magnésio sobre os atributos físicos de um Cambissolo Háplico, cultivado com girassol. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial (4 x 2) + 1, correspondendo a quatro doses de lodo de esgoto desidratado (0; 6,25; 12,5 e 18,5 t ha-1), duas doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio (0 e 240 g m-1) e um tratamento adicional com adubação mineral. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Após 150 dias da adubação, coletaram-se amostras de solos, nas camadas de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, para avaliação da densidade aparente, densidade de partícula, porosidade total, grau de dispersão, grau de floculação, índice de estabilidade de agregados, diâmetro médio ponderado, diâmetro médio geométrico e resistência do solo à penetração. O tratamento adicional, correspondente à adubação mineral, não diferiu dos tratamentos correspondentes às adubações com lodo de esgoto e silicato de cálcio e magnésio, em relação aos atributos físicos do solo. Para o silicato de cálcio e magnésio, também não se constataram diferenças nos atributos físicos do solo, entre a dose zero e 240 g m-1. Por outro lado, a aplicação de lodo de esgoto diminuiu o grau de dispersão de argila e aumentou a porosidade total do solo, o grau de floculação de argilas e o índice de estabilidade de agregados a úmido, não tendo, porém, influenciado os demais atributos físicos