Modeling magnetospheric fields in the Jupiter system

The various processes which generate magnetic fields within the Jupiter system are exemplary for a large class of similar processes occurring at other planets in the solar system, but also around extrasolar planets. Jupiter's large internal dynamo magnetic field generates a gigantic magnetosphere, which is strongly rotational driven and possesses large plasma sources located deeply within the magnetosphere. The combination of the latter two effects is the primary reason for Jupiter's main auroral ovals. Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the only known moon with an intrinsic dynamo magnetic field, which generates a mini-magnetosphere located within Jupiter's larger magnetosphere including two auroral ovals. Ganymede's magnetosphere is qualitatively different compared to the one from Jupiter. It possesses no bow shock but develops Alfv\'en wings similar to most of the extrasolar planets which orbit their host stars within 0.1 AU. New numerical models of Jupiter's and Ganymede's magnetospheres presented here provide quantitative insight into the processes that maintain these magnetospheres. Jupiter's magnetospheric field is approximately time-periodic at the locations of Jupiter's moons and induces secondary magnetic fields in electrically conductive layers such as subsurface oceans. In the case of Ganymede, these secondary magnetic fields influence the oscillation of the location of its auroral ovals. Based on dedicated Hubble Space Telescope observations, an analysis of the amplitudes of the auroral oscillations provides evidence that Ganymede harbors a subsurface ocean. Callisto in contrast does not possess a mini-magnetosphere, but still shows a perturbed magnetic field environment. Callisto's ionosphere and atmospheric UV emission is different compared to the other Galilean satellites as it is primarily been generated by solar photons compared to magnetospheric electrons.Comment: Chapter for Book: Planetary Magnetis

D,l-cis-2,3-pyrrolidine Dicarboxylate Alters [3h]-l-glutamate Binding And Induces Convulsions In Mice

This study investigated whether D,L-cis-2,3-Pyrrolidine dicarboxylate (D,L-cis-2,3-PDC), a new glutamate analogue, alters glutamate binding to cerebral plasma membranes and whether N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the convulsant effect of this compound. D,L-cis-2,3-PDC reduced sodium-independent [3H]-L-glutamate binding to lysed membrane preparations from adult rat cortex and had no effect on sodium-dependent glutamate binding. Intracerebroventricular administration of D,L-cis-2,3-PDC (7.5-25 nmol/5 μl) induced generalized tonic-clonic convulsions in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The coadministration of MK-801 (7 nmol/2.5 μl), with D,L-cis-2,3-PDC (16.5 nmol/2.5 μl), fully protected the animals against D,L-cis-2,3-PDC-induced convulsions, while the coadministration of DNQX (10 nmol/2.5 μl) increased the latency to convulsions but did not alter the percentage of animals that had convulsions. 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Combining multimodal imaging and treatment features improves machine learning-based prognostic assessment in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.

Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. BACKGROUND: For Glioblastoma (GBM), various prognostic nomograms have been proposed. This study aims to evaluate machine learning models to predict patients' overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) on the basis of clinical, pathological, semantic MRI-based, and FET-PET/CT-derived information. Finally, the value of adding treatment features was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-nine patients were retrospectively analyzed. We assessed clinical, pathological, and treatment information. The VASARI set of semantic imaging features was determined on MRIs. Metabolic information was retained from preoperative FET-PET/CT images. We generated multiple random survival forest prediction models on a patient training set and performed internal validation. Single feature class models were created including "clinical," "pathological," "MRI-based," and "FET-PET/CT-based" models, as well as combinations. Treatment features were combined with all other features. RESULTS: Of all single feature class models, the MRI-based model had the highest prediction performance on the validation set for OS (C-index: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.72]) and PFS (C-index: 0.61 [0.50-0.72]). The combination of all features did increase performance above all single feature class models up to C-indices of 0.70 (0.59-0.84) and 0.68 (0.57-0.78) for OS and PFS, respectively. Adding treatment information further increased prognostic performance up to C-indices of 0.73 (0.62-0.84) and 0.71 (0.60-0.81) on the validation set for OS and PFS, respectively, allowing significant stratification of patient groups for OS. CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based features were the most relevant feature class for prognostic assessment. Combining clinical, pathological, and imaging information increased predictive power for OS and PFS. A further increase was achieved by adding treatment features

Caracterização da diversidade genética entre acessos crioulos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) coletados em Santa Catarina por marcadores RAPD Characterization of the genetic diversity of landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) collected in Santa Catarina State by RAPD markers

O conhecimento da diversidade genética, por meio da dissimilaridade entre os genótipos, permite a organização, a amostragem e a utilização eficiente do germoplasma em programas de melhoramento genético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a dissimilaridade entre acessos crioulos de feijão coletados no Estado de Santa Catarina, integrantes do banco ativo de germoplasma de feijão da UDESC e de três cultivares comerciais ("Pérola", "SCS 202-Guará" e "BRS Valente"), por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram utilizados 21 iniciadores decâmeros que permitiram a visualização de 96 bandas, sendo que 41 (42,7%) apresentaram polimorfismo entre os acessos estudados, resultando em bandas entre 650 e 2000pb. A dissimilaridade foi calculada utilizando-se o coeficiente de Sorensen-Dice e o agrupamento foi realizado pelo método UPGMA. Os acessos foram separados em dois grupos principais, com dissimilaridade relativamente alta, quando comparada com a dissimilaridade observada dentro de cada grupo. Os dois grupos formados indicam os centros de domesticação, Mesoamericano ou Andino, dos acessos analisados. A dissimilaridade entre as cultivares avaliadas ("SCS 202-Guará", "BRS Valente" e "Pérola") é baixa (0,15), se comparada com a dissimilaridade entre os demais acessos do banco de germoplasma (0,65). A menor dissimilaridade entre os acessos estudados (BAF63 e BAF04) foi de 0,02. A inexistência de acessos repetidos reforça a necessidade de novas coletas de germoplasma, o que resultará em um banco de germoplasma de feijão mais representativo da variabilidade genética remanescente em Santa Catarina.<br>The knowledge of the genetic diversity through the divergence among the genotypes allows the organization of the germplasm, sampling and efficient utilization in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze the dissimilarity among germplasm collected in Santa Catarina State, stored in UDESC germplasm active bank of common bean, and of three cultivars ('Pérola', 'SCS 202-Guará' e 'BRS Valente'), using RAPD markers. 21 decamer-primers that allowed the visualization of 96 bands were used, and 41 (42.7%) presented polymorphism among the studied accesses, resulting in a band range of 650 to 2000pb. The dissimilarity was calculated using the Sorensen-Dice coefficient and the grouping analyses were derived from UPGMA. The accesses were separated in two main groups, with wide dissimilarity when compared with the divergence inside each group. These two groups indicate the possible center of domestication, Middle-American or Andean, of the accesses in this study. The dissimilarity among the cultivars evaluated ('SCS 202-Guará', 'BRS Valente' e 'Pérola') was small (0.15), if compared with the divergence among the accesses of the germplasm bank (0.65). The smaller dissimilarity among the studied accesses (BAF63 and BAF04) was 0.02. The results reinforce the need of new collection expeditions, which will increase the representation of the genetic variability of the remaining bean landraces in Santa Catarina State