HRoT: Hybrid prompt strategy and Retrieval of Thought for Table-Text Hybrid Question Answering

Answering numerical questions over hybrid contents from the given tables and text(TextTableQA) is a challenging task. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in the NLP community. With the emergence of large language models, In-Context Learning and Chain-of-Thought prompting have become two particularly popular research topics in this field. In this paper, we introduce a new prompting strategy called Hybrid prompt strategy and Retrieval of Thought for TextTableQA. Through In-Context Learning, we prompt the model to develop the ability of retrieval thinking when dealing with hybrid data. Our method achieves superior performance compared to the fully-supervised SOTA on the MultiHiertt dataset in the few-shot setting

Terazosin Analogs Targeting Pgk1 as Neuroprotective Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have shown promising therapeutic effects in a variety of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, terazosin (TZ), a heterocyclic compound with a quinazoline core, was found to combine with phosphoglycerol kinase 1 (Pgk1) and protect neurons by enhancing Pgk1 activity and promoting glycolysis, thereby slowing, or preventing the neurodegeneration of PD. These findings indicated that terazosin analogs have bright prospects for the development of PD therapeutics. In this study, a series of terazosin analogs were designed and synthesized for neuroprotective effects by targeting Pgk1. Among them, compound 12b was obtained with the best Pgk1 agonistic activity and neuroprotective activity. Further study indicates that it can increase intracellular ATP content and reduce ROS levels by stimulating the activity of Pgk1, thereby playing a role in protecting nerve cells. In conclusion, this study provides a new strategy and reference for the development of neuroprotective drugs

Disaster Impact, National Aid, and Economic Growth: Evidence from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

How disasters have affected economic growth has often been a subject for economic debate, and empirical studies of the experience in China are clearly inadequate. Using the panel data from 181 county-level cities in Sichuan province from 2003 to 2013, this paper investigates the direct and dynamic effects of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster on economic growth, as well as how national rescue affected postdisaster economic recovery. The econometric results show that earthquakes significantly reduce real GDP in the affected areas after controlling for the national rescue variables, and this negative effect exists in the affected area over a long time. In addition, our empirical findings suggest that the postdisaster national rescue can promote economic recovery in the affected areas by increasing government expenditure, improving traffic conditions, and enhancing the urbanization process and the level of industrialization. Besides, state financial aid has no obvious effect on the development of tertiary industries and the accumulation of human capital in affected areas. These results were found to be robust after applying several approaches to alleviate the potential endogeneity problem. Findings in this study carry several important policy implications. As well as providing national rescue to promote postdisaster reconstruction, the government should also develop policies that will provide direct aid funding to tertiary industries and boost postdisaster economic reconstruction and human capital accumulation, thus improving the efficiency of relief funding and reducing the long-term adverse effects of the disaster on economic growth

Moving Target Information Extraction Based on Single Satellite Image

The spatial and time variant effects in high resolution satellite push broom imaging are analyzed. A spatial and time variant imaging model is established. A moving target information extraction method is proposed based on a single satellite remote sensing image. The experiment computes two airplanes' flying speed using ZY-3 multispectral image and proves the validity of spatial and time variant model and moving information extracting method

High-rate production of short-chain fatty acids from methane in a mixed-culture membrane biofilm reactor

The bioconversion of methane to liquid chemicals has attracted much attention. However, the production rate reported to date has been far lower than what is required for economical viability. This is partly due to the low solubility of methane, the low mass transfer rate, and low microbial activities. This study demonstrates a production rate of close to 10 g of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) per liter per day with a mixed-culture biofilm growing in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). Hollow fiber membranes were used both to deliver a high flux of methane and to provide a surface on which slow-growing microorganisms could form biofilms with intensified activities. The rate achieved is nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than the highest SCFA production rate reported to date and is close to the rates required for practical applications (similar to 12-120 g L-1 day(-1)). The consortium in the biofilm was dominated by methanogens Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium and acid-producing bacteria Sporolactobacillus and Propionispora, suggesting likely roles of these organisms in the bioconversion of methane into SCFAs. This work shows a methane-based MBfR represents a promising technology for achieving high-rate production of chemicals from methane

High-rate production of short-chain fatty acids from methane in a mixed-culture membrane biofilm reactor

The bioconversion of methane to liquid chemicals has attracted much attention. However, the production rate reported to date has been far lower than what is required for economical viability. This is partly due to the low solubility of methane, the low mass transfer rate, and low microbial activities. This study demonstrates a production rate of close to 10 g of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) per liter per day with a mixed-culture biofilm growing in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). Hollow fiber membranes were used both to deliver a high flux of methane and to provide a surface on which slow-growing microorganisms could form biofilms with intensified activities. The rate achieved is nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than the highest SCFA production rate reported to date and is close to the rates required for practical applications (similar to 12-120 g L-1 day(-1)). The consortium in the biofilm was dominated by methanogens Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium and acid-producing bacteria Sporolactobacillus and Propionispora, suggesting likely roles of these organisms in the bioconversion of methane into SCFAs. This work shows a methane-based MBfR represents a promising technology for achieving high-rate production of chemicals from methane

Seagrass habitat mapping: how do Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel-2, ZY-3A, and Worldview-3 perform?

This study assessed recently launched multispectral sensors to map seagrass properties for a similar to 150km(2) shallow bank in Moreton Bay, Australia. We utilised a previously developed semi-automated, object-based image analysis classification routine for our comparison, utilising field and image data as input. Field data were collected through georeferenced photograph transects which were analysed for species composition and percentage cover. Field data collection occurred close to image capture from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (30m pixel), Sentinel-2 (10m pixel), Ziyuan-3A (5m pixel), and WorldView-3 (2m pixel) sensors. The output maps had average overall accuracies of 66% for species and 57% for percentage cover maps. The study concluded that all sensors tested were suitable for mapping seagrass meadows in clear shallow waters, but the higher resolution sensors provided more detail and were considered more representative. The choice of sensor would depend upon the extent of the seagrass meadow, available funds and frequency of observation

Blessing or curse? The impacts of non-agricultural part-time work of the large farmer households on agricultural labor productivity

This study analyzes the mechanism of coexistence of non-agricultural part-time work of farmer households and large-scale cultivation of cultivated land, and the effect of non-agricultural part-time work of the large farmer households on the agricultural labor productivity. Results indicate that non-agricultural part-time work of large farmer households promotes the agricultural labor productivity, particularly for those with higher non-agricultural incomes, younger age, higher education level and shorter distance between working places in urban sectors and rural residence. At the mean value of the samples, non-agricultural part-time work of the large farmer households will improve agricultural labor productivity by 27.1%. These results remain consistent after we experiment several robustness checks and the instrumental variable method. Further, it is worth stressing that non-agricultural part-time work inhibits the agricultural production for farmer households with labors less than three, while it exhibits positive effects for those with labors more than three. Finally, analysis of mechanism suggests that non-agricultural part-time work of large farmer households enhances the productivity via entering the agricultural association, increasing farm mechanization degree, and promoting the centralized production and farm management on the transferred farmland. It’s suggestive to maintain total area of the transferred farmland to avoid the reverse effects and then the optimal total cultivated area within the range of (100, 200) Mu. Policy implications of our work are discussed. First published online 11 November 202

Artificially Selected Grain Shape Gene Combinations in Guangdong Simiao Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract Background Grain shape is a key trait in rice breeding. Although many QTLs and genes of grain shape have been identified, how different combinations of alleles of these genes affect grain shape is largely unknown. It is important to understand the effects of grain shape gene combinations for breeding by design. In the present study, we performed genetic dissection of the grain shapes in Guangdong Simiao varieties, a popular kind of rice in South China, to identify the effective alleles and their combination for breeding. Results We selected two hundred nineteen indica accessions with diverse grain shapes and fifty-two Guangdong Simiao varieties with long and slender grain shapes for genome-wide selection analysis. The results showed that four (GS3, GS5, GW5 and GL7) of the twenty grain shape genes fall into the regions selected for in Guangdong Simiao varieties. Allele analysis and frequency distribution of these four genes showed that GS3 allele3 and GW5 allele2 accounted for 96.2%, and GL7 allele2 and GS5 allele2 accounted for 76.9% and 74.5% of the Simiao varieties, respectively. Further analysis of the allelic combinations showed that 30 allelic combinations were identified in the whole panel, with 28 allelic combinations found in the international indica accessions and 6 allelic combinations found in Guangdong Simiao varieties. There were mainly three combinations (combinations 17, 18 and 19) in the Guangdong Simiao varieties, with combination 19 (GS3 allele3 + GW5 allele2 + GL7 allele2 + GS5 allele2) having the highest percentage (51.9%). All three combinations carried GS3 allele3 + GW5 allele2, while combinations 17 (GL7 allele1) and 19 (GL7 allele2) showed significant differences in both grain length and length/width ratio due to differences in GL7 alleles. Pedigree analysis of Guang8B, the maintainer of the first released Simiao male sterile line Guang8A, showed that the parent lines and Guang8B carried GS3 allele3 + GW5 allele2 + GS5 allele2, while the GL7 allele differed, resulting in significant differences in grain size. Conclusion The results suggest that specific alleles of GS3, GS5, GW5 and GL7 are the key grain shape genes used in the Guangdong Simiao varieties and selected for grain shape improvement. Combination 19 is the predominant allelic combination in the Guangdong Simiao varieties. Our current study is the first to dissect the genetics of grain shape in Guangdong Simiao varieties, and the results will facilitate molecular breeding of Guangdong Simiao varieties

Dominant factors of hydrocarbon distribution in the foreland basins, central and western China

Dominant factors controlling hydrocarbon distribution are analyzed from three aspects: the types, structural units and structural belts of the foreland basins of central and western China. There are four types of foreland basins recognized in China, superimposed, reformed, presenile, and newly-generated foreland basins. Hydrocarbon distribution is different in the four types of basins and is controlled by their respective hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, characteristics and patterns. Thrust belts, foredeeps, slope belts, uplift belts, and other structural units are developed in foreland basins. The different controls of these structural units on source rock development and evolution, trap type, hydrocarbon accumulation process, and preservation condition, cause different characteristics of hydrocarbon distribution in different structural belts. The main hydrocarbon enriched structural units are foreland thrust belts, in which the structural styles, tectonic evolution and the preservation of regional cap-rock are the critical factors for hydrocarbon accumulation. The configuration of faults and cap rocks in thrust belts determines the features and enrichment regularity of hydrocarbon and indicates hydrocarbon enriched locations and favorable exploration targets in various structural belts. Key words: foreland basin, structural unit, thrust belt, hydrocarbon distribution, controlling factor