A Note on the Assessment of Local Influence in Statistical Models with Equality Constraints

Relationship has been discussed by Tanaka and Zhang(1999) between the sensitivity analyses based on influence functions and on Cook's local influence, and it has been shown that equivalent results are obtained under general conditions by these analyses in statistical modeling without/with equality constraints. However, a condition implicitly assumed in the proof in Tanaka and Zhang(1999) in the case with equality constraints does not necessarily hold. The present paper gives a complete proof without assuming the condition. Also a formula for the normal curvature is derived for the convenience of practical computation

Asymptotic Regularity and Exponential Attractors for Nonclassical Diusion Equations With Critical Exponent

In  this  paper, we  consider the dynamical behavior of the nonclassical diffusion equation when nonlinearity is critical for both two cases: the forcing term belongs to H −1 (Ω) and L2 (Ω). For the case the forcing term only belongs to H −1 (Ω), based on the asymptotic regularity in Dynamical Systems: An International  Journal, 26 (4), (2011), 391–400, we prove  the existence of exponential attractors in weak topological space H 1 (Ω). For the case the forcing term belongs to L2 (Ω), we prove the asymptotic regularity of the solutions and exponential attractors

Exploring Factors and Strategies to Promote Chinese Elders’ Physical Activity

This study was designed to explore factors and strategies to promote Chinese elders’ physical activity and cultivate healthy lifestyles. We collected the CHARLS survey 2011 baseline data, and selected 2647 cases of the elderly population in China. Based on the social ecosystem theory, the univariate analysis and ordered logistic regression were used. The model was analyzed for multivariate analysis. In the present study, the appropriate IRB approval has been obtained from Peking University. The theory of social ecology believes that individual behavior is influenced individual factors, inter-individual factors, organizational factors, community factors and policy factors. This article used the gender, age, marriage, education, and self-assessment of health status in the survey results as independent variables of individual factors, used whether to provide care for grandchildren, the frequency of participation in social activities as independent variables of inter-individual factors, used whether there are organizations that assist the elderly, the weak, the disabled population and whether there are elderly associations as the independent variables of organizational factors, then uses whether there is geriatric health service center as an independent variable of community factor. In this paper, physical activity participation intensity was used as the dependent variable, and single factor correlation analysis was performed with each independent variable. The other nine chi-square test significant independent variables except for age were included in the multiple regression model. The results showed that compared with other marital status, the physical activity intensity of the elderly population with spouses living together is greater; the elderly population who has better self-rated health scores and has higher social frequency, has stronger physical activity intensity; the elderly population who has geriatric health care service centers in their residence has stronger physical activity intensity. The following suggestions to promote health of Chinese elderly population can be made: the elderly population should establish their own awareness of health care and exercise; the children of the elderly population should strengthen their care for the elderly population; the community pension service organizations should take the initiative to play an active role to care the elderly population; the elderly population residence should strengthen the supporting hardware facilities

Influencing Factors and Future Route of Chinese Teenagers’ Health Based on the Healthy China 2030 Strategy

The purpose of this study was to examine the influencing factors for Chinese teenager health and possible future route according to the Healthy China 2030 Strategy. Using data from physical fitness test of Han nationality students aged 7-18 years in in 2014, we analyzed the influencing factors and the degree of physical health of Chinese teenagers. Combining dimensionality reduction, visualization and other unsupervised machine learning techniques, 6 physical fitness indicators, including vital capacity, standing long jump, 50-meter run, muscle strength, endurance and grip strength, were converted into 2 two components, accounting for 91% of the total variance. Applying multivariate logistic regression models, we revealed that physical factors were closely related to health, the increase in age and height were accompanied with the improvement in physical health. However, there was a negative correlation between physical education and physical health. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between adequate public health input and higher physical health, while the correlation between social economic level and physical health was weak. To improve teenager’s health, the government should actively carry out national policies and cooperate with a top-level design. The society may integrate resources to help teenagers to keep fit while the school implements policies to guarantee the sustainable development of physical health

Assessment of Local Influence in Statistical Modelling with Equality Constraints

Influence analysis in the sense of Cook (1986)'s local influence is derived for statistical modelling with equality constraints. It is a supplement to Tanaka and Zhang (1998) and its formulation is an extension of that of Kwan and Fung (1998) so that it can deal with the influence on an arbitrary subset of parameters. As a special case the influence in principal component analysis is discussed and a numerical example is shown. The numerical results are compared with those by Zhang et al. (1998), in which local influence is evaluated by using the perturbation theory of eigenvalue problems, and the relationship is discussed with the influence functions derived by Tanaka and Watadani (1992)

Construction of a Food-grade Expression Vector Based on pyrF Gene in Lactococcus lactis

In this study, the pyrF screening marker and the genomic DNA fragments were used to construct the expression vectors in food-grade Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). Such expression system could potentially be used to express and produce food-grade and medicinal polypeptides. Firstly, the NZ3900 ΔpyrF auxotrophic strain was created from the homologous recombination mutant cassette. Secondly, the repA and repC genes were used as the replication elements, the pyrF gene as the screening marker, the P32 and P8 elements from L. lactis as the promoters, and the Tusp45 and TpepN from L. lactis as the terminators, all of which were constructed in the expression plasmid pLD. Finally, the reporter gene ZsGreen (a fluorescent protein) was used to verify the expression of recombinant protein in the NZ3900 ΔpyrF mutant strain and the genetic stability of pLD-ZsG plasmid. The result showed that the prototrophic ZsGreen positive transformants could grow normally in common Elliker culture medium, and the green fluorescent signal was observed under a fluorescence microscope. In addition, ZsGreen protein could be highly expressed in NZ3900 ΔpyrF and the expression plasmid could be stably transmitted through at least 30 generations, according to the results of the PCR and Western blotting, indicating that the recombinant protein was expressed in L. lactis in a stable manner. Based on the above results, the approach for creating an L. lactis expression vector (without antibiotic resistance gene) based on the pyrF auxotrophic marker is feasible and offers a basis for further investigation into the use of L. lactis to manufacture food- and pharmaceutical-grade polypeptides

BCG directly induces cell cycle arrest in human transitional carcinoma cell lines as a consequence of integrin cross-linking

BACKGROUND: Current models of the mechanism by which intravesical BCG induces an anti-tumor effect in urothelial carcinoma propose a secondary cellular immune response as principally responsible. Our group has demonstrated that BCG mediated cross-linking of α5 [Image: see text] 1 integrin receptors present on the tumor surface elicits a complex biologic response involving AP1 and NF-κB signaling as well as the transactivation of immediate early genes. This study evaluated the direct biologic effect of cross-linking α5β1 integrin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in two human urothelial carcinoma cell lines. METHODS: Two independent assays (MTT and Colony forming ability) were employed to measure the effect of α5β1 cross-linking (antibody mediated or BCG) on cellular proliferation. Flow cytometry was employed to measure effect of BCG and α5β1 antibody mediated cross-linking on cell cycle progression. Apoptosis was measured using assays for both DNA laddering and Caspase 3 activation. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that integrin cross-linking by BCG, or antibody mediated crosslinking of α5β1 resulted in a decrease in proliferating cell number. BCG treatment or α5β1 cross-linking increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1, in both 253J and T24 cell lines. Peptide mediated blockade of integrin binding site using RGDS reversed the effect BCG on both proliferation and cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis in response to BCG was not identified by either DNA laddering or Caspase 3 activation. CONCLUSION: These findings show that BCG exerts a direct cytostatic effect on human urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Cell cycle arrest at the G1/S interface is a mechanism by which BCG inhibits cellular proliferation. This effect is duplicated by antibody mediated cross-linking of α5β1 and likely occurs as a consequence of crosslink-initiated signal transduction to cell cycle regulatory genes

pH-responsive stearic acid- O -carboxymethyl chitosan assemblies as carriers delivering small molecular drug for chemotherapy

Abstract(#br)Recently, chemotherapy is still widely exploited to treat the residual, infiltrative tumor cells after surgical resection. However, many anticancer drugs are limited in clinical application due to their poor water-solubility (hydrophibic) and stability, low bioavailability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Herein, an amphiphilic stearic acid- O -carboxymethyl chitosan (SA-CMC) conjugate was synthesized by amide linkage of SA to the backbone of CMC polymer and then self-assembled into nanoparticles (SA-CMC NPs) with the hydrodynamic particle size of ~100 nm. Subsequently, Paclitaxel (PTX) as a potent and broad-spectrum anticancer drug was loaded into SA-CMC NPs by a probe sonication combined with dialysis method. Owing to the multi-hydrophobic inner cores, the prepared PTX-SA-CMC NPs showed a considerable drug-loading capacity of ~19 wt% and a biphasic release behavior with an accumulative release amount in the range of 70–90% within 72 h. PTX-SA-CMC NPs remarkably enhanced the accumulation at the tumor sites by passive targeting followed by cellular endocytosis. Upon the stimuli of acid, PTX-SA-CMC NPs showed exceptional instability by pH change, thereby triggering the rapid disassembly and accelerated drug release. Consequently, compared with Cremophor EL-based free PTX treatment, PTX-SA-CMC NPs under pH-stimuli accomplished highly efficient apoptosis in cancer cells and effectively suppression of tumors by chemotherapy. Overall, PTX-SA-CMC NPs integrating imaging capacity might be a simple yet feasible PTX nanosystem for tumor-targeted delivery and cancer therapy

pH-responsive stearic acid-O-carboxymethyl chitosan assemblies as carriers delivering small molecular drug for chemotherapy.

Recently, chemotherapy is still widely exploited to treat the residual, infiltrative tumor cells after surgical resection. However, many anticancer drugs are limited in clinical application due to their poor water-solubility (hydrophibic) and stability, low bioavailability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Herein, an amphiphilic stearic acid-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (SA-CMC) conjugate was synthesized by amide linkage of SA to the backbone of CMC polymer and then self-assembled into nanoparticles (SA-CMC NPs) with the hydrodynamic particle size of ~100 nm. Subsequently, Paclitaxel (PTX) as a potent and broad-spectrum anticancer drug was loaded into SA-CMC NPs by a probe sonication combined with dialysis method. Owing to the multi-hydrophobic inner cores, the prepared PTX-SA-CMC NPs showed a considerable drug-loading capacity of ~19 wt% and a biphasic release behavior with an accumulative release amount in the range of 70-90% within 72 h. PTX-SA-CMC NPs remarkably enhanced the accumulation at the tumor sites by passive targeting followed by cellular endocytosis. Upon the stimuli of acid, PTX-SA-CMC NPs showed exceptional instability by pH change, thereby triggering the rapid disassembly and accelerated drug release. Consequently, compared with Cremophor EL-based free PTX treatment, PTX-SA-CMC NPs under pH-stimuli accomplished highly efficient apoptosis in cancer cells and effectively suppression of tumors by chemotherapy. Overall, PTX-SA-CMC NPs integrating imaging capacity might be a simple yet feasible PTX nanosystem for tumor-targeted delivery and cancer therapy