3,567 research outputs found
A relativistic model for neutrino pion production from nuclei in the resonance region
We present a relativistic model for electroweak pion production from nuclei,
focusing on the and the second resonance region. Bound states are
derived in the Hartree approximation to the Walecka model.
Final-state interactions of the outgoing pion and nucleon are described in a
factorized way by means of a relativistic extension of the Glauber model. Our
formalism allows a detailed study of neutrino pion production through ,
, energy, angle and out-of-plane distributions.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, poster presented at the NuInt07 conference on
few-GeV neutrino physic
Field-induced structural aging in glasses at ultra low temperatures
In non-equilibrium experiments on the glasses Mylar and BK7, we measured the
excess dielectric response after the temporary application of a strong electric
bias field at mK--temperatures. A model recently developed describes the
observed long time decays qualitatively for Mylar [PRL 90, 105501, S. Ludwig,
P. Nalbach, D. Rosenberg, D. Osheroff], but fails for BK7. In contrast, our
results on both samples can be described by including an additional mechanism
to the mentioned model with temperature independent decay times of the excess
dielectric response. As the origin of this novel process beyond the "tunneling
model" we suggest bias field induced structural rearrangements of "tunneling
states" that decay by quantum mechanical tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted at PRL, corrected typos in version
The role of symmetry on interface states in magnetic tunnel junctions
When an electron tunnels from a metal into the barrier in a magnetic tunnel
junction it has to cross the interface. Deep in the metal the eigenstates for
the electron can be labelled by the point symmetry group of the bulk but around
the interface this symmetry is reduced and one has to use linear combinations
of the bulk states to form the eigenstates labelled by the irreducible
representations of the point symmetry group of the interface. In this way there
can be states localized at the interface which control tunneling. The
conclusions as to which are the dominant tunneling states are different from
that conventionally found.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted in PRB, v2: reference 3 complete
Analysing the Security of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect
Many millions of users routinely use their Google accounts to log in to
relying party (RP) websites supporting the Google OpenID Connect service.
OpenID Connect, a newly standardised single-sign-on protocol, builds an
identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, which has itself been widely
adopted to support identity management services. It adds identity management
functionality to the OAuth 2.0 system and allows an RP to obtain assurances
regarding the authenticity of an end user. A number of authors have analysed
the security of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, but whether OpenID Connect is secure in
practice remains an open question. We report on a large-scale practical study
of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect, involving forensic examination of
103 RP websites which support its use for sign-in. Our study reveals serious
vulnerabilities of a number of types, all of which allow an attacker to log in
to an RP website as a victim user. Further examination suggests that these
vulnerabilities are caused by a combination of Google's design of its OpenID
Connect service and RP developers making design decisions which sacrifice
security for simplicity of implementation. We also give practical
recommendations for both RPs and OPs to help improve the security of real world
OpenID Connect systems
Electroweak radiative corrections to deep-inelastic neutrino scattering - implications for NuTeV ?
We calculate the O(alpha) electroweak corrections to charged- and
neutral-current deep-inelastic neutrino scattering off an isoscalar target. The
full one-loop-corrected cross sections, including hard photonic corrections,
are evaluated and compared to an earlier result which was used in the NuTeV
analysis. In particular, we compare results that differ in input-parameter
scheme, treatment of real photon radiation and factorization scheme. The
associated shifts in the theoretical prediction for the ratio of neutral- and
charged-current cross sections can be larger than the experimental accuracy of
the NuTeV result.Comment: 19 pages late
Severe Asthma in the Era of COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Introduction and objectives: Severe asthma management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge and will continue to be, at least in the next few months, as herd immunity is still a mirage. A lot has to be learned about how COVID-19 affects underlying diseases, and severe asthma is no exception.
Methods: Narrative review of papers available until February 2021 in PubMed and Google Scholar, relating severe asthma and COVID-19. Four main research topics were reviewed: SARS-CoV-2 infection: immunology and respiratory pathology; interrelationship of severe asthma endotypes and COVID-19 disease mechanisms; severe asthma epidemiology and COVID-19; and biologics for severe asthma in the context of COVID-19.
Results: COVID-19 disease mechanisms start with upper respiratory cell infection, and afterwards several immunological facets are activated, contributing to disease severity, namely cell-mediated immunity and antibody production. Although infrequent in the COVID-19 course some patients develop a cytokine storm that causes organ damage and may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiorgan failure. Regarding severe asthma endotypes, type2-high might have a protective role both in infection risk and disease course. There is conflicting data regarding the epidemiological relationship between COVID-19 among severe asthma patients, with some studies reporting increased risk of infection and disease course, whereas others the other way round. Biologics for severe asthma do not seem to increase the risk of infection and severe COVID-19, although further evidence is needed.
Conclusions: Globally, in the era of COVID-19, major respiratory societies recommend continuing the biologic treatment, preferably in a self-home administration program.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Nuclear Physics with Electroweak Probes
In recent years, the italian theoretical Nuclear Physics community has played
a leading role in the development of a unified approach, allowing for a
consistent and fully quantitative description of the nuclear response to
electromagnetic and weak probes. In this paper I review the main achievements
in both fields, point out some of the open problems, and outline the most
promising prospects.Comment: Invited Talk at the XII Workshop on Theoretical Nuclear Physics in
Italy, Cortona, October 8-10, 200
Ballistic Spin Injection from Fe into ZnSe and GaAs with a (001), (111), and (110) orientation
We present first-principles calculations of ballistic spin injection in
Fe/GaAs and Fe/ZnSe junctions with orientation (001), (111), and (110). We find
that the symmetry mismatch of the Fe minority-spin states with the
semiconductor conduction states can lead to extremely high spin polarization of
the current through the (001) interface for hot and thermal injection
processes. Such a symmetry mismatch does not exist for the (111) and (110)
interfaces, where smaller spin injection efficiencies are found. The presence
of interface states is found to lower the current spin polarization, both with
and without a Schottky barrier. Finally, a higher bias can also affect the spin
injection efficiency.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figure
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