Knowledge and attitude on maternal health care among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai, China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In China, with the urbanization, women migrated from rural to big cities presented much higher maternal mortality rates than local residents. Health knowledge is one of the key factors enabling women to be aware of their rights and health status in order to seek appropriate health services. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude on maternal health care and the contributing factors to being knowledgeable among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in a district center hospital in Shanghai where migrants gathered. Totally 475 rural-to-urban migrant pregnant women were interviewed and completed the self-administered questionnaire after obtaining informed consent.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean score of knowledge on maternal health care was 8.28 out of 12. However, only 36.6% women had attended the required 5 antenatal checks, and 58.3% of the subjects thought financial constrains being the main reason for not attending antenatal care. It was found that higher level of education (OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.8–3.8), husbands' Shanghai residence (OR = 4.0, 95%CI: 1.3–12.1) and better family income (OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.4–8.2) were associated with better knowledge.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Rural-to-urban migrant women's unawareness of maternal health service, together with their vulnerable living status, influences their utilization of maternal health care. Tailored maternal health education and accessible services are in demands for this population.</p

Diabetic β-Cells Can Achieve Self-Protection against Oxidative Stress through an Adaptive Up-Regulation of Their Antioxidant Defenses

Background Oxidative stress (OS), through excessive and/or chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a mediator of diabetes-related damages in various tissues including pancreatic β-cells. Here, we have evaluated islet OS status and β-cell response to ROS using the GK/Par rat as a model of type 2 diabetes. Methodology/Principal Findings Localization of OS markers was performed on whole pancreases. Using islets isolated from 7-day-old or 2.5-month-old male GK/Par and Wistar control rats, 1) gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR; 2) insulin secretion rate was measured; 3) ROS accumulation and mitochondrial polarization were assessed by fluorescence methods; 4) antioxidant contents were quantified by HPLC. After diabetes onset, OS markers targeted mostly peri-islet vascular and inflammatory areas, and not islet cells. GK/Par islets revealed in fact protected against OS, because they maintained basal ROS accumulation similar or even lower than Wistar islets. Remarkably, GK/Par insulin secretion also exhibited strong resistance to the toxic effect of exogenous H2O2 or endogenous ROS exposure. Such adaptation was associated to both high glutathione content and overexpression (mRNA and/or protein levels) of a large set of genes encoding antioxidant proteins as well as UCP2. Finally, we showed that such a phenotype was not innate but spontaneously acquired after diabetes onset, as the result of an adaptive response to the diabetic environment. Conclusions The GK/Par model illustrates the effectiveness of adaptive response to OS by beta-cells to achieve self-tolerance. It remains to be determined to what extend such islet antioxidant defenses upregulation might contribute to GK/Par beta-cell secretory dysfunction

The extreme drought in the 1920s and its effect on tree growth deduced from tree ring analysis: a case study in North China

Using tree-ring analysis coupled with historical records, we investigated the possibility of developing a tree-ring network in North China, and the possible disturbance for the dieback of Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri) forest in typical steppe. Four tree-ring chronologies were employed: one for Meyer spruce and Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis) in eastern Inner Mongolia, and two for Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) in central Inner Mongolia. Significant parallel behaviour between the chronologies revealed the possibility of developing a large-scale tree-ring network in North China. In addition, the coincident growth decline in the 1920s in Chinese pine and Korean spruce chronologies revealed the most severe drought period for more than 200 years in North China, which was confirmed by converging lines of historical events. A clear correspondence between a peak in the age distribution (1933-1935) and a persistent drought event from 1922 to 1932 implied that the extreme drought in the 1920s was probably the underlying cause of Meyer spruce mortality.La sécheresse extrême des années 1920 et son effet sur la croissance des arbres : une étude dendrochronologique en Chine du Nord. La dendrochronologie et l'analyse de documents historiques ont été utilisées d'une part pour évaluer le potentiel d'une base de données dendrochronologiques régionale et d'autre part pour vérifier l'existence d'une perturbation responsable du déclin des forêts d'épicéa de Meyer (Picea meyeri) dans la steppe typique. Quatre séries dendrochronologiques ont été construites : une pour l'épicéa de Meyer et l'épicéa de Corée (Picea koraiensis) dans l'Est de la Mongolie intérieure et deux pour le Pin chinois (Pinus tabulaeformis) en Mongolie intérieure centrale. Les tendances observées dans ces quatre séries dendrochronologiques sont significativement comparables. Ainsi, ces quatre séries suggèrent un fort potentiel pour une base de données dendrochronologiques applicable aux échelles locale et régionale en Chine du Nord. De plus, le Pin chinois et l'épicéa de Corée ont tous deux montré un déclin de leur croissance dans les années 1920, ce qui indique une période de sécheresse sévère et soutenue inégalée depuis 200 ans en Chine du Nord. Ceci est confirmé par des événements historiques synchrones. Une nette correspondance entre un pic dans la distribution des âges (1933-1935) et une sécheresse soutenue de 1922 à 1935 impliquent que la sécheresse des années 1920 était probablement une des causes de la mortalité de l'épicéa de Meyer, espèce particulièrement sensible à la sécheresse

Oncogene mutational profile in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Zi-Chen Zhang,1,* Sha Fu,1,* Fang Wang,1 Hai-Yun Wang,1 Yi-Xin Zeng,2 Jian-Yong Shao11Department of Molecular Diagnostics, 2Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People&#39;s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common tumor in Southern China, but the oncogene mutational status of NPC patients has not been clarified. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 238 mutation hotspots in 19 oncogenes were examined in 123 NPC patients. The relationships between mutational status and clinical data were assessed with a &chi;2 or Fisher&#39;s exact test. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan&ndash;Meier method with the log-rank test. In 123 patients, 21 (17.1%) NPC tumors were positive for mutations in eight oncogenes: six patients had PIK3CA mutations (4.9%), five NRAS mutations (4.1%), four KIT mutations (3.3%), two PDGFRA mutations (1.6%), two ABL mutations (1.6%), and one with simultaneous mutations in HRAS, EGFR, and BRAF (1%). Patients with mutations were more likely to relapse or develop metastasis than those with wild-type alleles (P=0.019). No differences or correlations were found in other clinical characteristics or in patient survival. No mutations were detected in oncogenes AKT1, AKT2, CDK, ERBB2, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLT3, JAK2, KRAS, MET, and RET. These results demonstrate an association between NPC and mutations in NRAS, KIT, PIK3CA, PDGFRA, and ABL, which are associated with patient relapse and metastasis. Keywords: NPC, oncogene, mutatio