Mathematical Formula of a Cone Model Used for Calculation of Snail Shell Volume

Problem statement: There are many species of Helix snails, each with its own unique exoskeleton shape, or shell shape. Principal analysis of measurement data from snail shells occupied by Helix points out the importance of the description and quantification of the snail shells. The present paper is aimed to compare some of the formulas in the literature used to determine the volume of snail shape. Hypothesis: The methods and formulae which exist do not reflect the real shell volume (at least not precisely enough) but rather use the external measurement and on that basis they draw conclusions for the biomass and the development stage. Organisms: 142 species of the Turkish snail (Helix lucorum). Approach: The purpose of this study is to improve and to offer a much better and accurate formula for calculations of the shell volume. Conclusion: Our results support the usage of the formulae, and confirm some of these formulas while disproving others. As a result we developed a formula which takes into consideration the varying shape and thickness of the shell and reflects the real shell volume in most of the cases

Influence of some anticoagulants on dynamics of sugar concentration in the goats’ blood

Досліджено динаміку вмісту глюкози в крові кіз (у момент відбору проби, через 3, 6 та 24 години) під впливом чотирьох антикоагулянтів (розчини фториду та цитрату натрію, гепарину, комплек­сону III). При тривалому зберіганні проб крові відмічено зниження рівня глюкози, най­більше виражене при застосуванні цитрату натрію. Досліджено динаміку вмісту глюкози в крові кіз (у момент відбору проби, через 3, 6 та 24 години) під впливом чотирьох антикоагулянтів (розчини фториду та цитрату натрію, гепарину, комплек­сону III). При тривалому зберіганні проб крові відмічено зниження рівня глюкози, най­більше виражене при застосуванні цитрату натрію. Dynamics of the content in the goats’ blood (at the instant the sample was taken, and then after 3, 6 and 24 hours) under influence of 4 anticoagulants (sodium fluoride, sodium citrate, heparin and complexon III) were studied. Long term storage of the blood samples resulted in the glucose level decrease. It was mostly pronounced under the sodium citrate treatment.

A hepatitis B virus causes chronic infections in equids worldwide

Preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires suitable animal models. Equids host homologs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Because coinfections of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for HBV. We discovered a distinct HBV species (Equid HBV, EqHBV) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by PCR and antibodies against EqHBV in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. Molecular, histopathological, and biochemical analyses revealed that infection patterns of EqHBV resembled those of HBV in humans, including hepatotropism, moderate liver damage, evolutionary stasis, and potential horizontal virus transmission. Naturally infected donkeys showed chronic infections resembling CHB with high viral loads of up to 2.6 × 109 mean copies per milliliter serum for >6 mo and weak antibody responses. Antibodies against Equid HCV were codetected in 26.5% of donkeys seropositive for EqHBV, corroborating susceptibility to both hepatitis viruses. Deltavirus pseudotypes carrying EqHBV surface proteins were unable to infect human cells via the HBV receptor NTCP (Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), suggesting alternative viral entry mechanisms. Both HBV and EqHBV deltavirus pseudotypes infected primary horse hepatocytes in vitro, supporting a broad host range for EqHBV among equids and suggesting that horses might be suitable for EqHBV and HBV infections in vivo. Evolutionary analyses suggested that EqHBV originated in Africa several thousand years ago, commensurate with the domestication of donkeys. In sum, EqHBV naturally infects diverse equids and mimics HBV infection patterns. Equids provide a unique opportunity for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for CHB and to investigate HBV/ HCV interplay upon coinfection

On the iterates of Jackson type operator GS,N in Hilbert space

In this paper we study the limit of the iterates of Jackson type operator. Our results continue the works of Badea [2] and Nagler et al. [9, 10]. The proofs are based on spectral theory of linear operators and are performed at first for Hilbert space and then are extended for some Banach spaces.Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 47A10, 41A35, 41A25.Keywords: Bounded linear operator, limit of iterates, spectral theory, Jackson type operato

Влияние некоторых антикоагулянтов на динамику концентрации сахара в крови коз

Dynamics of the content in the goats’ blood (at the instant the sample was taken, and then after 3, 6 and 24 hours) under influence of 4 anticoagulants (sodium fluoride, sodium citrate, heparin and complexon III) were studied. Long term storage of the blood samples resulted in the glucose level decrease. It was mostly pronounced under the sodium citrate treatment

Comparative study on plasma fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum period in Bulgarian native goats

The goal of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin during the pregnancy and postpartum period in goats. The experiment was carried out with six clinically healthy Bulgarian native goats, aged 4-6 years, weighing 49-56 kg, reared at the Biobase of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Stara Zagora. Blood samples for assay of plasma concentrations of the studied acute-phase proteins during pregnancy were collected over 7-day intervals, from the 14th to the 147th day of pregnancy. During the postpartum period, samples were obtained at 3-day intervals between the 1st and 15th postpartum day, as well as once on the 20th and 30th day after the parturition. The results indicated that throughout the first trimester of the pregnancy, the highest average plasma fibrinogen values were established on the 14th day, while significantly lower values (P&lt;0.05) were measured on the 21st day. At this period, the values of plasma ceruloplasmin were the lowest on the 28th day and significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) at the end of the first pregnancy trimester. During the second trimester of the pregnancy there was a clear tendency towards a decrease in the levels of the examined acute phase proteins. At the last pregnancy trimester, an increase in the levels of both acute phase proteins was observed. During the postpartum period there was a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the levels of ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen on the 20th day, compared to the first postpartum day. The established average values of the examined acute phase proteins could be used for comparison purposes in cases of pathological conditions during the pregnancy and post partum period of goats.</jats:p