Determination of effective diffusion coefficient of immobilized Baker's yeast invertase in various concentration of PVA-alginate matrix

Baker's yeast invertase is immobilized in PVA-alginate matrix using an improved method. PVA beads were prepared by adding calcium alginate to improve its stability, mechanical and chemical properties. Boric acid was used as the cross-linking agent and additional chemicals consisting of 10% boric acid and sodium sulphate solution was used as a treatment solution to harden the PVA-alginate beads. The determination of the effective diffusion of PVA-alginate matrix the vital step in optimizing the preparation of immobilized and water-soluble biocatalyst. In this study the two-level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of PVA and boric acid concentrations and diffusions coefficient. Diffusion coefficient (De) is one of the factors that significantly affect the mass transport within the immobilization matrix. De value varies for each concentration of PVA and boric acid. The result concluded that both factors significantly affect the De. A maximum De value of 5.0141 x 10(-5) cm2s-1 was obtained at boric acid and PVA concentraion of 7w/v and 10.5 w/v respectively

Politik Hukum Koperasi Di Indonesia (Tinjauan Yuridis Historis Pengaturan Perkoperasian Di Indonesia)

This study aimed to analyze the legal political of cooperative regulations of various period in Indonesia. This research is a normative law with secondary law materials. Based on the research, it can be argued that the existence and development of cooperatives have ups and downs in the political policy of thelaw in Indonesia. During the colonial period the cooperative regulation just set that cooperative is exist and make a cooperatives as one of the businesses. After the independence of Indonesia, the purpose of the cooperative is a popular economic movement which is expected to distribute prosperity equally. Unfortunatelly, cooperatives in the regime of the old order and the new order be used as a political tool to perpetuate the power of government. In the reform period, the cooperative regulation is worse because made cooperative like a company that pursues profit. IntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji politik hukum pengaturan koperasi dari berbagai zaman di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan bahan hukum sekunder. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat dikemukakan bahwa keberadaan dan perkembangan koperasi mengalami pasang surut dalam kebijakan politik hukum di Indonesia. Pada masa penjajahan pengaturan koperasi hanya sekedar mengatur koperasi ada dan menjadikan koperasi sebagai salah satu pelaku USAha. Pada masa kemerdekaan, tujuan adanya koperasi adalah sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang diharapkan mampu memeratakan kesejahteraan. Sayangnya koperasi dalam rezim orde lama dan orde baru dijadikan alat politik untuk melanggengkan kekuasaan pemerintah. Pada masa reformasi, pengaturan koperasi semakin buruk sebab menjadikan koperasi layaknya Perusahaan yang mengejar keuntungan semata

Kernel Logistic Regression-linear for Leukemia Classification Using High Dimensional Data

Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR) is one of the statistical models that has been proposed for classification in the machine learning and data mining communities, and also one of the effective methodologies in the kernel–machine techniques. Basely, KLR is kernelized version of linear Logistic Regression (LR). Unlike LR, KLR has ability to classify data with non linear boundary and also can accommodate data with very high dimensional and very few instances. In this research, we proposed to study the use of Linear Kernel on KLR in order to increase the accuracy of Leukemia Classification. Leukemia is one of the cancer types that causes mortality in medical diagnosis problem. Improving the accuracy of Leukemia Classification is essential for more effective diagnosis and treatment of Leukemia disease. The Leukemia data sets consists of 7120 (very high dimensional) DNA micro arrays data of 72 (very few instances) patient samples on the state of Leukemia types. In Leukemia classification based upon gene expression, monitoring data using DNA micro array offer hope to achieve an objective and highly accurate classification. It can be demonstrated that the use of Linear Kernel on Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR–Linear) can improve the performance in classifying Leukemia patient samples and also can be shown that KLR–Linear has better accuracy than KLR–Polynomial and Penalized Logistic Regression

Biosugar production from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) using viscozyme

In this study, the performance of HNO3 and NaOH pretreatmentson oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) was evaluated based on the residual carbohydrate. The best pretreatment condition was ascertained for reducing sugar and biosugar produced after saccharification with viscozyme. The pretreatment with 2 % (v/v) HNO3 improved cellulose concentration from 33.14 % to 60.0 %, while hemicellulose, lignin and ash were reduced by 25.59 %, 10.0 % and 25.9 % to 10.0 %, 5.33 % and 3.0 %, respectively. Enzymatic treatment using 1g solid loading, produce highest production in terms of arabinose 10.5 g/l, glucose (1.1 g/L) and xylose (0.42 g/L) was obtained under agitation. While for 10 grams solid loading, highest level of bio-sugar was obtained with arabinose (0.8 g/L) and glucose (1.6 g/L). FESEM-EDX and FTIR images before and after saccharification successfully showed the effect of enzymatic treatment on the mesocarp fiber

Pengakuan Atas Kedudukan Dan Keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Mha) Pasca Dibentuknya Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa

Law No.6 Year 2014 regarding Villages has impact on the recognition of the existence of traditional communities. This research aims to elaborates about that recognition and this research is a normative legal study. Research problems are (1) how is the concept of the recognition of the existance of traditional communities? (2) how is the legal impact of of the recognition of the existance of traditional communities? It can be concluded that the recognition obtainable through traditional villages in that law. Then, the law gives good impact on the recognition of traditional communities but there are limitation and unification on the rights of the communities.IntisariUU No.6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa berimplikasi terhadap pengakuan atas kedudukan dan keberadaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). Penelitian ini ditujukkan untuk mendalami pengakuan tersebut dan dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif. Rumusan masalah yang dikemukakan (1) bagaimana konsepsi pengakuan MHA?; (2) bagaimana implikasi yuridis pengakuan desa adat oleh UU Desa atas penguatan MHA? Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa pengakuan MHA diperoleh melalui adanya Desa Adat yang diakui sebagai Desa. Sedangkan implikasinya positif dalam memberikan legalitas bagi MHA namun memiliki kelemahan yakni adanya pembatasan dan penyeragaman atas hak MHA

Analisis Stabilitas Lereng Embung Dengan Menggunakan Kombinasi Dinding Penahan Kantilever Dan Geotekstil Dengan Bantuan Perangkat Lunak

Lereng yang terbentuk dari pembangunan embung atau waduk dapat berpotensi terjadinya kelongsoran dan dapat mengakibatkan bukan hanya kerugian materil, tetapi juga nyawa. Dinding penahan menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kelongsoran. Dinding penahan yang dibangun tersusun dari tiga bagian yaitu dinding penahan batu kali, bronjong dan dinding penahan kantilever. Namun dinding penahan tersebut mengalami ambles sehingga lereng yang ditahannya pun mengalami longsor. Dinding penahan yang memiliki tinggi 10 tersebut mengalami kegagalan struktur karena kondisi tanah yang tergolong jelek dan beban berlebih dengan menggunakan konstruksi bronjong dan pasangan batu kali, sehingga diperlukan analisis ulang pada kondisi dinding penahan tanah yang lama dan diganti dengan yang baru perkuatan dan perbaikan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SLOPE/W dan Geo 5. Analisis stabilitas lereng eksisting dengan program SLOPE/W pada kondisi paling kritis diperoleh nilai angka keamanan 0,454. Sedangkan analisis stabilitas dinding penahan tanah eksisting dengan program Geo 5 didapatkan angka keamanan stabilitas guling sebesar 1,38, stabilitas geser 0,42 dan daya dukung sebesar 0,23. Hasil tersebut membuktikan struktur lereng dan dinding penahan tidak aman, maka dilakukanlah desain ulang menggunakan perkuatan geotekstil woven dengan jumlah 5 lapis, kapasitas tarik 200 kN/m, kohesi 3 kPa dan sudut geser terhadap tanah 38o, jarak vertikal 1 m. Perbaikan pada geometri lereng dibuat lebih landai dengan kemiringan sebesar 17 ̊. Hasil analisis stabilitas lereng yang diperkuat dengan geotekstil menggunakan SLOPE/W diperoleh nilai angka keamanan 2,312. Untuk analisis stabilitas dinding penahan dengan perkuatan geotekstil didapatkan angka keamanan stabilitas guling 11,73, stabilitas geser 2,226 dan daya dukung 3,856

A Mixed Model Study on Perception Towards Outcome Based Education from Graduating Scholars in a Private University

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is now identified as essential to excellence in education. OBE can be described as the transparent application of a set of measurable criteria in setting a standard of proficiency. The students’ perception is the most crucial part as they are the medium of the system, as they are the ones who undergo the system thoroughly, and are the final product of the OBE system. Thus, their perception will directly show the effectiveness of the OBE system. This study focused on students’ perception on OBE system that had been applied in KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) since 2014, in terms of students’ understanding and academic achievement. This is a mixed model study, which consisted of quantitative and qualitative study. A descriptive method of analysis was used, wherein the quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires and a survey interview was done as a qualitative supplementary data. The findings of this study discovered that the students have a positive perception toward the system

Konsistensi Pengaturan Jaminan Sosial Terhadap Konsep Negara Kesejahteraan Indonesia

The preamble of 1945 Constitution have declared Indonesia as a welfare state. Post-amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the rights of Indonesian citizen to welfare is regulated in Article 28 H sections (1), (2), (3), and Article 34 sections (2) and (3), which then is subsequented by Law number 40 of 2004 on National Social Security System, followed by Law number 24 of 2011 on Social Security Agency (BPJS). However, both regulations instead created new problems: the government is monopolizing the business of security insurance, and the existence of double burden to the citizens in paying taxes as an obligation and paying insurance premium as contribution fee to get social security. This study will further elaborate: First, the concept of the welfare state of Indonesia; and Second, the consistency of social security regulations towards the effort to manifestation of Indonesia as a welfare state.IntisariPembukaan UUD NRI Tahun 1945 telah mendeklarasikan Indonesia sebagai negara kesejahteraan (welfare state). Pasca amandemen UUD NRI Tahun 1945 hak warga negara dalam kesejahteraan diatur dalam Pasal 28 H ayat (1), (2), (3) dan Pasal 34 ayat (2) dan (3), yang kemudian diejawantahkan dalam UU No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional yang ditindaklanjuti dengan UU No. 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Namun kedua pengaturan tersebut justru menimbulkan permasalahan baru: pemerintah membuat monopoli dalam bisnis asuransi jaminan, dan ada beban ganda bagi warga negara dalam membayar pajak sebagai kewajiban membayar premi asuransi sebagai kontribusi untuk mendapatkan pertanggungan dari jaminan sosial. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji: Pertama, bagaimana konsepsi negara kesejahteraan Indonesia; dan Kedua, bagaimana konsistensi pengaturan jaminan sosial terhadap upaya mewujudkan konsepsi negara kesejahteraan Indonesia