Monitoring The Effectiveness Of Root Canal Procedures On Endotoxin Levels Found In Teeth With Chronic Apical Periodontitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to monitor the effectiveness of root canal procedures by using different irrigants and intracanal medication on endotoxin levels found in root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. Material and methods: Thirty root canals of teeth with pulpal necrosis associated with periapical lesions were selected and randomly divided into groups according to the irrigants used: GI - 2.5% NaOCl, GII - 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and GIII - saline solution (SS) (all, n=10). Samples were collected with sterile/apyrogenic paper points before (S1) and after root canal instrumentation (S2), after use of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (S3), and after 30 days of intracanal medication (Ca(OH)2+SS) (S4). A turbidimetric kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay was used for endotoxin measurement. Results: Endotoxins were detected in 100% of the root canals investigated (30/30), with a median value of 18.70 EU/mL. After S2, significant median percentage reduction was observed in all groups, irrespective of the irrigant tested: 2.5% NaOCl (99.65%) (GI), 2% CHX (94.27%) (GII), and SS (96.79%) (GIII) (all p<0.05). Root canal rinse with 17% EDTA (S3) for a 3-minute period failed to decrease endotoxin levels in GI and a slight decrease was observed in GII (59%) and GIII (61.1%) (all p>0.05). Intracanal medication for 30 days was able to significantly reduce residual endotoxins: 2.5% NaOCl (90%) (GI), 2% CHX (88.8%) (GII), and SS (85.7%) (GIII, p<0.05). No differences were found in the endotoxin reduction when comparing S2 and S4 treatment groups. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the mechanical action of the instruments along with the flow and backflow of irrigant enduring root canal instrumentation for the endotoxin removal from root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. 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Formas de fósforo no solo sob leguminosas florestais, floresta secundária e pastagem no Norte Fluminense Soil phosphorus forms under leguminous tree species, secondary forest and pasture in Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Em solos muito intemperizados, a disponibilidade de P para as plantas está estreitamente associada às formas de P orgânico, que tem o seu conteúdo alterado por influência do tipo de cobertura vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os teores de fósforo de compostos orgânicos (Po-total, Po lábil e P microbiano do solo), em plantios de Acacia auriculiformis (acácia) e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá), em floresta secundária e em pastagem. Os teores médios ponderados de Po total e Po lábil, pelo teor de argila, foram de 375 mg kg-1 de P na argila e de 40,2 mg kg-1 de P na argila, respectivamente. Os solos sob acácia e sabiá apresentaram maior teor relativo de Po (total e lábil) do que os solos sob pastagem e capoeira. O Po representou de 22,6 a 39,6 % do P total extraído dos solos das coberturas estudadas. Em relação ao P lábil total, o Po lábil representou, em média, 67,1 %. Para o P microbiano, o maior teor foi encontrado no solo sob sabiá, seguido da floresta secundária, acácia e pastagem. Contudo, foi na capoeira que houve a maior eficiência da biomassa microbiana do solo em imobilizar P. O teor de P disponível por Mehlich-1 correlacionou-se positivamente com o teor de C e o de P da biomassa microbiana. Houve estreita correlação positiva entre o P microbiano e o C microbiano.<br>In highly weathered tropical soils phosphorus (P) bioavailability to plants is closely associated with soil organic P forms, which in turn are influenced by the vegetation cover. The aim of this study was to evaluate total organic P (Po), labile P fractions and microbial biomass P in soils under Acacia auriculiformis and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia stands, secondary forest and pasture. The clay-adjusted average content of total Po and labile Po were 375 mg kg-1 P and 40.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The Po contents (total and labile) in soils under Acacia auriculiformis and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia were higher than under pasture and secondary forest soils. The proportion of Po ranged from 22.6 to 39.6 % of total extracted P in soils under the vegetation cover types studied. The labile Po represented about 67.1 % of total labile P. The greatest amount of soil microbial biomass P (MBP) was observed under Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, followed by secondary forest, Acacia auriculiformis and pasture. However, the soil microbial biomass of the secondary forest was the most efficient regarding P immobilization (MBP/total Po ratio). Available P was positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C and microbial P, and microbial P was positively related to microbial C