An airborne navigation aid to assist general aviation pilots in the terminal areas

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Transient natural convection in closed and inclined cubical enclosures. Application to electronic equipment thermal regulation

Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 1-4 July, 2007.Certain electronic components are very sensitive to temperature variations during their operations. This is true particularly for electronic systems containing high density integrated circuits, which are increasingly a characteristic of today’s equipment due to the ever evolving process of miniaturisation. The correct operation of such electronic systems is related to their thermal state. Therefore, thermal regulation is required for their proper dynamic operation. This regulation is complex in the case of a high level of integration and confinement to small spaces. The proper sizing of the closed or limited opening casing is, therefore, necessary in order to ensure the correct operation of the equipment in confined spaces. This paper presents a treatment of the particular case of the transient natural 2D convection in a cubical enclosure filled with air. The active walls are differentially heated and maintained isothermic. These walls can remain vertical, but can also be inclined with respect to the gravity field. The dynamic and thermal fields within the case are analysed numerically using the finite volume method. An experimental test rig is developed for the thermal analysis by examining the temperature distribution in the immediate vicinity of the hot wall, which simulates the electronic equipment.cs201

Relationship between NADPH and Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who have been exposed to pesticides

Meriem Rabia Zahzeh,1 Bouchra Loukidi,1 Warda Meziane,1 Mustapha Haddouche,1,2 Naima Mesli,1,3 Zahia Zouaoui,4 Mourad Aribi1 1Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, 2Department of Medicine, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria; 3Department of Clinical Haematology, Tlemcen Medical Centre University, Tlemcen, Algeria; 4Department of Clinical Haematology, Sidi Bel-Abbès Medical Centre University, Sidi Bel-Abbès, Algeria Abstract: The effect of pesticides on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), including its level and relationship with the T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 ratio, in patients suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was investigated. One hundred newly diagnosed patients with aggressive NHL (53 men, 47 women) and 40 healthy age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls (23 men, 17 women), exposed or not to pesticides, were recruited for a cross-sectional study conducted at the Clinical Hematology Departments of Tlemcen and Sidi Bel-Abbès University Medical Centers in the northwest of Algeria. NADPH levels were significantly increased in patients compared with controls; and in exposed patients compared with those not exposed, and controls (one-way analysis of variance; P=0.000). Albumin, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity levels were significantly decreased in patients compared with in the control group. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity levels were significantly decreased in exposed patients compared with in unexposed patients; however, malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in exposed patients when compared with controls and unexposed patients. Protein carbonyl and xanthine oxidase levels were significantly increased in exposed patients compared with controls; meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the two patient groups or between unexposed patients and controls. The Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased in patients when compared with controls; the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased (for both comparisons, P<0.001). In addition, NADPH was strongly associated with NHL (Mantel–Haenszel common odds ratio estimate =5.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.22–13.88; P=0.000). Moreover, NADPH levels were significantly negatively related to the Th1/Th2 ratio, either in exposed patients or in unexposed patients (respectively, r=-0.498 [P=0.004] and r=-0.327 [P=0.006]). In conclusion, pesticide exposure was strongly associated with NADPH alteration in NHL. The relationship between NADPH and Th1/Th2 ratio should focus on new therapeutic strategies for the disease. Keywords: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pesticides, NADPH, Th1/Th2 rati

In vitro antioxidant activity, α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential and in vivo protective effect of Asparagus stipularis Forssk aqueous extract against high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats

The study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and the protective effect of Asparagus stipularis Forssk aqueous extract against high-fructose diet (HFD; 10% fructose solution for 5 months) induced metabolic syndrome in rats. An A. stipularis shoots decoction (ASD) was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight), daily for 4 weeks. Controls were performed using metformin (150 mg/kg) as a standard drug. HPLC-MS analysis showed hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and flavonoid glycosides as the major constituents of ASD. Fructose fed rats showed hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and an increase of inflammation markers (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) together with higher values of lipid peroxidation and lowered activities of antioxidants enzymes in liver. Hepatic histopathological examinations were performed. Variable sized fat vacuoles and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration were observed. ASD treatment prevented these abnormalities, demonstrating its protective effect against HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats