On Some Properties of Silver Iodide

In order to obtain the relation between several factors affecting the colloido-chemical properties of silver iodide in the heterogeneous exchange processes, the following measurements were carried out: determination of the adsorption capacity of silver iodide (radiometry) tempered from 20 up to 400 °c, dry aged for 20 days to 5 years, pressed at 500 and 1500 kg cm-2 (on dried isoelectric precipitate); determination of the relation between particle size (electron microscopy) and crystallite size (X-ray diffraction analysis), and of the adsorption capacity of AgI (formed by dilution of KI + AgI complex solution) in the presence of sodium laurylsulphate (SLS); determination of the surface area (BET) of the tempered isoelectric dried silver iodide; determination of particle size and determination of the volume fraction of cubic and hexagonal modifications of AgI in the tempered samples. In conclusion, the effect of the inner surface as a possible relevant factor for the elucidation of the influence of surface active substances on acceleration of the exchange rate is pointed out. Interactions with sodium laurylsulphate are also discussed

THE INFLUENCE OF THE BERRY SIZE ON THE SKIN ANTHOCYANINS CONTENT OF SOME BLACK WINE VARIETIES

The influence of the berry size on the skin anthocyanins content of the black wine grape varieties Cabernet sauvignon (clone 169), Merlot (clone 348) and Pinot noir (clone 115) was studied. Research was conducted in vineyard of Experimental estate “Radmilovac” and  in the laboratory of  Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. The aim of the research was the determination of an anthocyanin of malvidin-3-glucoside on the berry skin. For all three varieties, berries were separated into three categories: small, medium and large. Based on the results, the goal was to compare the berry skin anthocyanin content of different sizes of berries. Determination of fertility coefficients, yield indicators, analysis of the composition and structure of clusters and berries and the content of sugars and total acids were performed regularly. The obtained results on the content anthocyanin of malvidin-3-glucoside were expressed in mg/g skin fresh weight. Varieties Cabernet sauvignon and Pinot noir had an expected result, meaning that the highest anthocyanin content was recorded in the smallest berries (diameter < 7.5 mm). For the Merlot variety, the highest anthocyanin content was observed in the medium berries (diameter 7.6 – 10 mm). The lowest anthocyanin content in varieties Cabernet sauvignon and Merlot was obtained in the largest berries (diameter > 10.1 mm), which was the expected result, while in the Pinot noir variety the lowest anthocyanin content was registered in the medium category (diameter 7.6 – 10 mm). Variety Cabernet sauvignon (clone 169) showed the highest anthocyanins content (average 6.871 mg/g fresh skin weigh), followed by Merlot variety, clone 348 (average 4.61 mg/g fresh skin weigh), whereas the lowest anthocyanin content was observed in Pinot noir, clone 115 (average 4.05 mg/g fresh skin weigh)

Heterogeneous Exchange of Mixed Precipitates. [Agl + PbI2] solid in KI Solution

The heterogeneous exchange process of mixed AgI + PbI2 precipitates with iodide from the KI solution was studied using 1311. The systems under examination were prepared in statu nascendi at 293 K. Radiometrically determined solubility, differential thermal analysis and X-o:-ay diffraction analysis data were compared with radi:oanalytical results of the heterogeneous exchange processes. The results show ,strong mutual dependence of the metal halides present throughout the exchange process. The quantitative analysis of radiometric data indicates the specific influence of lead iodide onto silver iodide particles during the Ostwald\u27s ripening process

Radiometric Determination of Agl-TlI-(1311), Agl-HgI2-(1311), and HgI2-TlI-(1311) Systems

The principle and procedure for radioanalytical determination of intermolecular interactions in a polycomponent system of »Solid- liquid: type is described. As models AgI-TlI-(131!), AgI-Hglr( 131!), and HgI2-TlI-(131I) systems were used. The AgI-TlI-(1311) system was analysed in detail and radioanalytical results obtained were compared using X-ray analysis, conductivity and micro differential thermal analysis. Of the other two systems the results obtained were compared only with the remlts of X-ray analysis. As all the results obtained agree with literature data, it is concluded that the described radioanalytical method is applicable for adequate analysis of intermolecular interactions in mixed systems

Streamlining collection of training samples for object detection and classification in video

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Spin excitations in a 4f-3d heterodimer on MgO

We report on the magnetic properties of HoCo dimers as a model system for the smallest intermetallic transition metal-lanthanide compound. The dimers are adsorbed on ultrathin MgO(100) films grown on Ag(100). New for $4f$ elements, we detect inelastic excitations with scanning tunneling microscopy and prove by their behaviour in applied magnetic field that they are spin-excitations. In combination with density functional theory and spin Hamiltonian analysis we determine the magnetic level distribution, as well as sign and magnitude of the exchange interaction between the two atoms. In contrast to typical $4f-3d$ bulk compounds, we find ferromagnetic coupling in the dimer

Electronic structure of the substitutional vacancy in graphene: Density-functional and Green's function studies

We study the electronic structure of graphene with a single substitutional vacancy using a combination of the density-functional, tight-binding, and impurity Green's function approaches. Density functional studies are performed with the all-electron spin-polarized linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) method. The three $sp^2 \sigma$ dangling bonds adjacent to the vacancy introduce localized states (V$\sigma$) in the mid-gap region, which split due to the crystal field and a Jahn-Teller distortion, while the $p_z \pi$ states introduce a sharp resonance state (V$\pi$) in the band structure. For a planar structure, symmetry strictly forbids hybridization between the $\sigma$ and the $\pi$ states, so that these bands are clearly identifiable in the calculated band structure. As for the magnetic moment of the vacancy, the Hund's-rule coupling aligns the spins of the four localized V$\sigma_1 \uparrow \downarrow$, V$\sigma_2 \uparrow$, and the V$\pi \uparrow$ electrons resulting in a S=1 state, with a magnetic moment of $2 \mu_B$, which is reduced by about $0.3 \mu_B$ due to the anti-ferromagnetic spin-polarization of the $\pi$ band itinerant states in the vicinity of the vacancy. This results in the net magnetic moment of $1.7 \mu_B$. Using the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, we reproduce the well-known $\sim 1/r$ decay of the localized V$\pi$ wave function with distance and in addition find an interference term coming from the two Dirac points, previously unnoticed in the literature. The long-range nature of the V$\pi$ wave function is a unique feature of the graphene vacancy and we suggest that this may be one of the reasons for the widely varying relaxed structures and magnetic moments reported from the supercell band calculations in the literature.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in New Journal of Physic

Improvement of water vapor barrier properties of chitosan-collagen laminated casings using beeswax

Collagen casings are commercially used in sausage production. In this paper, collagen film that is used for sausage casings was laminated with chitosan film to produce barrier casing film. Chitosan coating was prepared by dissolving chitosan powder in 1% acetic acid. After dissolving chitosan, caraway essential oil, wetting agent Tween 20 and different amounts of beeswax, from 0 to 25 g were added to the solution. The solution was coated on collagen film surface in three layers, using a sponge brush to make laminated films. Films were air dried at temperature t =23 °C ± 2 °C. Uncoated collagen film was used as reference. Film thickness, water vapor barrier properties and FTIR spectra were determined. With growing amount of beeswax added to the chitosan layer, film thickness grew from 112 µm for laminated film with 5 g of beeswax to 225 µm for film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 83 µm for collagen film. Water vapor barrier properties improved with growing amount of beeswax in chitosan layer, ranging from 130.71 g/m2 24h for laminated film with added 5 g of beeswax to 66.96 g/m2 24h for the film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 290.64 g/m2 24h for collagen film. Addition of beeswax showed great potential in lowering water vapor permeability of laminated collagen-chitosan film. FTIR spectra could be used to determine quantitative law dependency between added amount of beeswax and spectra absorption values,as well as to prove compactness of chitosan-beeswax layer

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Differently Prepared AgI. III.

The .influence of the concentration ·of the constituent and coagulatin,g ions, surface active agents, pH, and the rate of pre.., cipitation on . .the cubic/hexagonal .ratio of Ag! p.nd on the size of Ag! crystallites formed in statu nascendi sols has been studied. In the concentration re\u27gions cKI = 1.0 X 10-5 M to 1.00 M and cAgNOa = 1.0 X·l0-6 M to 2.00 M different amounts of cubic and hexagonal Ag! were obtained. The pure hexagonal modification was found only at 1.00 M KI. At pl 4 220/o of cubic Ag! was obtained. F.rom aqueous solutions containing AgN03 (1 X 10-6 to 2.00 M) no pure cubic Ag! can be obtained. At pAg 1-2 the maximum amount (800/o) of cubic Ag! was formed. The aging process does not change the cubic/hexagonal ratio but influences the growth of crystallites. The rate at which the precipitation components are mixed influences the dispersity and the cubic/hexagonal ratio, which on the other hand also depend on the concentration of univalent and bivalent coagulating ions. The acidity of the system (pH = 0.1 - 5.8) does not significantly influence the dispersity and the cubic/hexagonal ratio of Ag!. Surface active agents (SAA) in the concentration region from 1.0 X 10-1 M to 1.0 X 10-4 M do not influence the crystal structure; they influence, however, the dispersity of the particles of sols hindering\u27 their growth. By dilution of the complex solution of Ag! - KI with water Ag! sols were formed. At lower initial concentration of KI the percentage of hexagonal Ag! was higher. In sols formed by dilution of the complex solution of Ag! - AgN03 with water, more cubic Ag! was found at lower initial concentration of AgN08• By cooling a hot complex solution of Ag! - KI (2.0 M KI) from 160° C to room temperature (0.2° C/min) 1000/o of cubic, transparent Ag! crystals were formed

The significance of mixture protein level and population density during pheasant breeding

Uzgoj u kontroliranim uvjetima uobičajena je mjera za održavanje optimalne veličine populacije fazana u lovištima. Za dobivanje kvalitetnih fazana u zatvorenom načinu uzgoja potrebno je osigurati njihov pravilan tretman u tijeku uzgoja, te posebnu pažnju posvetiti načinu ishrane i gustoći naseljenosti. U radu je prikazan utjecaj ishrane i gustoće naseljenosti na uzgoj fazana do ispuštanja u remize za podivljavanje, odnosno do 42. dana starosti. Korištene su smjese hrane sa 30% i 26% sirovih proteina do kraja četvrtog tjedna kako bi se omogućila ishrana bogata proteinima koja je dostupna i u prirodi, a nakon toga je razina sirovih proteina smanjena na 24 % i 20%, čime bi se u potpunosti zadovoljile prirodne potrebe te vrste. Razina proteina kao glavni tretman je sadržavala dva podtretmana, tj. gustoće naseljenosti od 550 i 450 jedinki po boksu. Mjerenje tjelesne mase živih fazana izvršeno je u tri navrata: nakon izlijeganja, nakon 15. dana i 42. dana. Između grupa dobivene su statistički značajne razlike (p<0.01), a za navedena razdoblja mjerenja prikazane su prosječne tjelesne mase po grupama, prirast fazana, dnevni utrošci hrane po fazanu, utrošci hrane za proizvodnju 1 kg prirasta te podaci o mortalitetu kao parametri koji nam upotpunjuju sliku umjetnog uzgoja te vrste divljači.The breeding in controled conditions is a usual measure for the maintaining of the optimal population size in the hunting area. The production of good quality pheasants in artificial breeding depends on the correct treatment, especially regarding their diet, and population density. The paper deals with the influence of diet on 42 day old pheasants in artificial breeding. Two mixtures with two levels of proteins (with 30% and 26% crude protein) until the age of four weks and then were used mixtures with 24%, and 20% of crude proteins. Every level of proteins is used for two densities, 550 and 450 units perbox, so pheasants was performed on four groups of pheasants. The meassurement of body mass of live pheasants was performed three times: 0. day, 15. day and 42. day after establishment of experiment and beetwen groups are statistically significant differences (p<0.01). In this work are showed body mass, body mass increase, daily consumption per pheasant and food consumption for production one kilogram of growth and mortality