Pawlu Bellanti

Pawlu Bellanti, li miet fl-1927, minn dejjem fittex li jġib ‘il quddiem lil niesna u l-lingwa. Insibuh ma’ dawk l-ewlenin ħaddiema li riedu jgħallmu sewwa lill-ħaddiema u lil dawk kollha li ma jaqrawx bi lsien ieħor ħlief bil-Malti.N/

It-Torok f'Malta fi żmien D'Omedes (1551)

Dan l-artiklu jfakkar meta fl-1551, Dragut ġabar mal-150 flotta li rħewlha lejn l-Għarb. Dak iż-żmien D’Omedes, li kien ilu jisma’ li t-Torok kienu għajnhom fuqu ma tax widen u ħaseb li jgħaddiha ħafif. Ra kemm mar imqarraq fis-16 ta’ Lulju, meta quddiem il-Port il-Kbir dehru mijiet ta’ qlugħ resqin lejn l-art.N/

An examination of bank risk measures and their relationship to systemic risk measurement : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctoral of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University, Manawatu (Turitea), New Zealand

This research explores ways of measuring bank risk, both individual bank risk and systemic risk, with the main focus on z-score. Z-score is a popular indicator of individual bank risk-taking. Despite its popularity among academics, there is a lack of consensus on a standard way to construct a time-varying z-score measure. Meanwhile, in the post-GFC period, increasing attention has been given to macro-prudential policy and its role in mitigating systemic risk. This research discusses major challenges in existing approaches to the construction of time-varying z-score measure. It empirically compares these approaches using quarterly data of New Zealand banks. Both conceptual discussions and empirical analyses support the use of a rolling window in the computation of time-varying z-score, which is consistent with changing bank risk profiles through time. This research is also the first study to propose a risk-weighted z-score measure. This research further proposes a new systemic risk measure based on z-score, which is developed on the concept of Leave-One-Out (LOO) approach. The systemic risk contribution of an individual bank can be captured by the variation of risk-taking of a banking system when excluding the particular bank. The LOO z-score measure can be computed using accounting information only, and is therefore applicable to both listed and unlisted banks. Empirical analysis on the LOO z-score measure in assessing banks’ systemic risk contribution is first applied to the New Zealand and Australian markets, and then extended to an international sample including 17 countries. The LOO z-score measure is proved to be useful for assessing banks’ systemic risk contribution, with a positive rank correlation with Marginal Expected Shortfall (MES) and Delta Conditional Value-at-Risk (ΔCoVaR). The LOO z-score measure provides a new approach to assess systemic risk contribution using accounting data, which can be used as a complement to market-based approaches. This measure is especially useful for systemic risk analyses of banks with limited or even no share market data at all, which is the key advantage. The ability to include both listed and unlisted banks in the evaluation of systemic risk is fundamental in macro-prudential policy frameworks

Postoji li Thiosiphon

U svojoj obradi begijatoaceja u Bergcyevu manualu determinativnc bakteriologije v a n N i e l je posumnjao u valjanost roda Thiosiphon (Klas 1936). Kao razlog za to svoje mišljenje navodi: razlike u veličini goniđija, do kojih je došao usporedivši u originalnom opisu podatke u tekstu s mikrofoto- grafijama; upadljivu sličnost, koju pokazuje Thiosiphon s vrstom Beggiatoa mirabilis u nekim kulturama i sličnost goniđija ti osi fona s pripadnicima roda Achromatium. Laka povredljivost poprečnih membrana, poteškoće njihova promatranja u nitima krcatim sumporom, gotovo sigurna prisutnost ahromacija na staništu tisifona i samo rekonstruirani razvojni ciklus opravdavaju po van N i e 1 ovu mišljenju znatno sumnjao je u valjanost roda. Autor se ne slaže s van N i e 1 ovim gledištem oslanjajući se na podatke literature, koje van Niel nije uzeo u obzir, kao i na prigodna vlastita opažanja. Razlike u veličini goniđija na mikrofotografijama i u tekstu proizlaze vjerojatno iz različitog shvaćanja pojma »povećanja«. S vrstom Beggiatoa mirabilis (B. gigantea) Thiosiphon ne može se zamijeniti, jer Beggiatoa niti je polarno građena, niti je pričvršćena na supstrat. Prema autorovu mišljenju bi se oštećenja, koja bi uništila poprečne membrane, morala bez daljeg prepoznati. Osobito se ne može mimoići postojanje \u27poprečnih membrana u fiksiranim i bojenim preparatima (usporedi navode D el ap o r t e-ove 1939), a ni kod primjeraka, u kojih je sumpor bio uklonjen oksidacijom ili otapanjem, što je navedeno i u originalnom opisu (str. 210). Od ahromacija razlikuju se gonidije tiosifona, osim po obliku i strukturi, i time što su negibljive, a promatranje njihova razvoja predstavlja znatne poteškoće. Autor smatra polaritet i nedostatak poprečnih membrana karakteristikama, koje jasno dokazuju, da <se radi o posebnom organizmu, a koje prema tome opravdavaju i postavljanje novoga roda

San Pawl Kuntent

Dan hu l-isem tal-post fejn hi mibnija l-pompa tal-ilma li fuq idek il-leminija, malli toħroġ mir-Rabat, issib it-triq li tagħti għal Ħad-Dingli.N/

Il-barriera l-qadima

Taħt il-Barriera t’isfel, in-naħa tax-xatt il-kbir, hemm dak moll f’tarf ix-xatt. Fejn jaqta’ l-moll hemm bħal maħżen kbir. Qabel tersaq lejn dan il-maħżen hemm imwaqqfa fl-art ħafna plieri li llum ma jfissru xejn. Din hi l-barriera l-qadima li fiha, fi żmien l-Ordni, il-bastimenti kienu jinżammu kwarantina meta jkunu ġejjin minn xi pajjiż bil-pesta jew b’xi mard ieħor.N/

Proposal for encoding the Kayah Li script in the BMP of the UCS

This is a proposal to encode the Kayah Li script in the international character encoding standard Unicode. The script was published in Unicode Standard version 5.1 in March 2008. Kayah Li was invented in 1962 to write Eastern and Western Kayah Li languages of Myanmar and Thailand