11,494 research outputs found
Millicharged Atomic Dark Matter
We present a simplified version of the atomic dark matter scenario, in which
charged dark constituents are bound into atoms analogous to hydrogen by a
massless hidden sector U(1) gauge interaction. Previous studies have assumed
that interactions between the dark sector and the standard model are mediated
by a second, massive Z' gauge boson, but here we consider the case where only a
massless gamma' kinetically mixes with the standard model hypercharge and
thereby mediates direct detection. This is therefore the simplest atomic dark
matter model that has direct interactions with the standard model, arising from
the small electric charge for the dark constituents induced by the kinetic
mixing. We map out the parameter space that is consistent with cosmological
constraints and direct searches, assuming that some unspecified mechanism
creates the asymmetry that gives the right abundance, since the dark matter
cannot be a thermal relic in this scenario. In the special case where the dark
"electron" and "proton" are degenerate in mass, inelastic hyperfine transitions
can explain the CoGeNT excess events. In the more general case, elastic
transitions dominate, and can be close to current direct detection limits over
a wide range of masses.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; v2: added references, and formula for dark
ionization fraction; published versio
Scaling analysis of Schottky barriers at metal-embedded semiconducting carbon nanotube interfaces
We present an atomistic self-consistent tight-binding study of the electronic
and transport properties of metal-semiconducting carbon nanotube interfaces as
a function of the nanotube channel length when the end of the nanotube wire is
buried inside the electrodes. We show that the lineup of the nanotube band
structure relative to the metal Fermi-level depends strongly on the metal work
function but weakly on the details of the interface. We analyze the
length-dependent transport characteristics, which predicts a transition from
tunneling to thermally-activated transport with increasing nanotube channel
length.Comment: To appear in Phys.Rev.B Rapid Communications. Color figures available
in PRB online versio
On-Chip Matching Networks for Radio-Frequency Single-Electron-Transistors
In this letter, we describe operation of a radio-frequency superconducting
single electron transistor (RF-SSET) with an on-chip superconducting LC
matching network consisting of a spiral inductor L and its capacitance to
ground. The superconducting network has a lower parasitic capacitance and gives
a better matching for the RF-SSET than does a commercial chip inductor.
Moreover, the superconducting network has negligibly low dissipation, leading
to sensitive response to changes in the RF-SSET impedance. The charge
sensitivity 2.4*10^-6 e/(Hz)^1/2 in the sub-gap region and energy sensitivity
of 1.9 hbar indicate that the RF-SSET is operating in the vicinity of the shot
noise limit.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX 4. To appear in Appl. Phys. Let
A unique distant submillimeter galaxy with an X-ray-obscured radio-luminous active galactic nucleus
We present a multiwavelength study of an atypical submillimeter galaxy in the
GOODS-North field, with the aim to understand its physical properties of
stellar and dust emission, as well as the central AGN activity. Although it is
shown that the source is likely an extremely dusty galaxy at high redshift, its
exact position of submillimeter emission is unknown. With the new NOEMA
interferometric imaging, we confirm that the source is a unique dusty galaxy.
It has no obvious counterpart in the optical and even NIR images observed with
HST at lambda~<1.4um. Photometric-redshift analyses from both stellar and dust
SED suggest it to likely be at z~>4, though a lower redshift at z~>3.1 cannot
be fully ruled out (at 90% confidence interval). Explaining its unusual
optical-to-NIR properties requires an old stellar population (~0.67 Gyr),
coexisting with a very dusty ongoing starburst component. The latter is
contributing to the FIR emission, with its rest-frame UV and optical light
being largely obscured along our line of sight. If the observed fluxes at the
rest-frame optical/NIR wavelengths were mainly contributed by old stars, a
total stellar mass of ~3.5x10^11Msun would be obtained. An X-ray spectral
analysis suggests that this galaxy harbors a heavily obscured AGN with
N_H=3.3x10^23 cm^-2 and an intrinsic 2-10 keV luminosity of L_X~2.6x10^44
erg/s, which places this object among distant type 2 quasars. The radio
emission of the source is extremely bright, which is an order of magnitude
higher than the star-formation-powered emission, making it one of the most
distant radio-luminous dusty galaxies. The combined characteristics of the
galaxy suggest that the source appears to have been caught in a rare but
critical transition stage in the evolution of submillimeter galaxies, where we
are witnessing the birth of a young AGN and possibly the earliest stage of its
jet formation and feedback.Comment: 13 pages in printer format, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted for
publication in the A&
Strength analysis of shearer body based on ansys
Taking a certain type of shearer as the research object, using the large-scale Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ANSYS, according to the actual situation of load distribution, the stress model of the shearer body is established, the stress and deformation of the shearer body are analyzed, and the deformation curve and equivalent stress nephogram of the shearer body under working state are fitted, The stress and strain distribution of fuselage structure under working conditions are analyzed. The calculation results show that the structural design of the shearer body is more reasonable and has better stiffness and strength under normal working conditions. The calculation results have a certain reference value for the analysis and research of high-power shearer
Finite Element Simulation of Leaky Surface Wave Propagation Excited by a Line-Focused Transducer
The use of a PVDF line-focused ultrasonic transducer with a large aperture makes possible to measure the velocities of the leaky Rayleigh, surface SV and creeping waves in time domain [1–3]. The velocities and attenuation of these waves are affected by deviation from the perfect plane, namely surface roughness, waviness, etc. They also depend on the subsurface structure. Theoretical analyses of wave propagation are possible for simple geometries and subsurface structures, however, numerical analyses of wave motion are necessary to solve many real problems. The finite element modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation has been applied for solids [4–6] and for the axisymmetric solid/fluid interface [7]. This paper gives a finite element simulation of plane leaky surface wave propagation at the solid/liquid interface excited by a line-focused transducer
Ground-level ozone pollution in China: A synthesis of recent findings on influencing factors and impacts
Ozone (O3) in the troposphere is an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. In mainland China, after the Air Pollution Prevention and Action Plan was implemented in 2013 - and despite substantial decreases in the concentrations of other air pollutants - ambient O3 concentrations paradoxically increased in many urban areas. The worsening urban O3 pollution has fuelled numerous studies in recent years, which have enriched knowledge about O3-related processes and their impacts. In this article, we synthesise the key findings of over 500 articles on O3 over mainland China that were published in the past six years in English-language journals. We focus on recent changes in O3 concentrations, their meteorological and chemical drivers, complex O3 responses to the drastic decrease in human activities during coronavirus disease 2019 lockdowns, several emerging chemical processes, impacts on crops and trees, and the latest government interventions. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
- …