161 research outputs found
Interacting Modified Variable Chaplygin Gas in Non-flat Universe
A unified model of dark energy and matter is presented using the modified
variable Chaplygin gas for interacting dark energy in a non-flat universe. The
two entities interact with each other non-gravitationally which involves a
coupling constant. Due to dynamic interaction, the variation in this constant
arises that henceforth changes the equations of state of these quantities. We
have derived the effective equations of state corresponding to matter and dark
energy in this interacting model. Moreover, the case of phantom energy is
deduced by putting constraints on the parameters involved.Comment: 9 pages; Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal
Preferential Paths of Air-water Two-phase Flow in Porous Structures with Special Consideration of Channel Thickness Effects.
Accurate understanding and predicting the flow paths of immiscible two-phase flow in rocky porous structures are of critical importance for the evaluation of oil or gas recovery and prediction of rock slides caused by gas-liquid flow. A 2D phase field model was established for compressible air-water two-phase flow in heterogenous porous structures. The dynamic characteristics of air-water two-phase interface and preferential paths in porous structures were simulated. The factors affecting the path selection of two-phase flow in porous structures were analyzed. Transparent physical models of complex porous structures were prepared using 3D printing technology. Tracer dye was used to visually observe the flow characteristics and path selection in air-water two-phase displacement experiments. The experimental observations agree with the numerical results used to validate the accuracy of phase field model. The effects of channel thickness on the air-water two-phase flow behavior and paths in porous structures were also analyzed. The results indicate that thick channels can induce secondary air flow paths due to the increase in flow resistance; consequently, the flow distribution is different from that in narrow channels. This study provides a new reference for quantitatively analyzing multi-phase flow and predicting the preferential paths of immiscible fluids in porous structures
Interacting Kasner-type cosmologies
It is well known that Kasner-type cosmologies provide a useful framework for
analyzing the three-dimensional anisotropic expansion because of the
simplification of the anisotropic dynamics. In this paper relativistic
multi-fluid Kasner-type scenarios are studied. We first consider the general
case of a superposition of two ideal cosmic fluids, as well as the particular
cases of non-interacting and interacting ones, by introducing a
phenomenological coupling function . For two-fluid cosmological scenarios
there exist only cosmological scaling solutions, while for three-fluid
configurations there exist not only cosmological scaling ones, but also more
general solutions. In the case of triply interacting cosmic fluids we can have
energy transfer from two fluids to a third one, or energy transfer from one
cosmic fluid to the other two. It is shown that by requiring the positivity of
energy densities there always is a matter component which violates the dominant
energy condition in this kind of anisotropic cosmological scenarios.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics &Space Science, 8 page
Cosmological Evolution Across Phantom Crossing and the Nature of the Horizon
In standard cosmology, with the evolution of the universe, the matter density
and thermodynamic pressure gradually decreases. Also in course of evolution,
the matter in the universe obeys (or violates) some restrictions or energy
conditions. If the matter distribution obeys strong energy condition (SEC), the
universe is in a decelerating phase while violation of SEC indicates an
accelerated expansion of the universe. In the period of accelerated expansion
the matter may be either of quintessence nature or of phantom nature depending
on the fulfilment of the weak energy condition (WEC) or violation of it. As
recent observational evidences demand that the universe is going through an
accelerated expansion so mater should be either quintessence or phantom in
nature. In the present work we study the evolution of the universe through the
phantom barrier (i.e. the dividing line between the quintessence and phantom
era) and examine how apparent and event horizon change across the barrier.
Finally, we investigate the possibility of occurrence of any singularity in
phantom era.Comment: 7 pages and 4 figure
Renin, endothelial no synthase and endothelin gene expression in the 2Kidney-1clip goldblatt model of long-term renovascular hypertension
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>Numerous reports have shown the influence of renin, nitric oxide (NO) and the endothelin (ET) systems for regulation of blood pressure and renal function. Furthermore, interactions between these peptides have been reported. Aim of our study was to investigate the relative contribution of these compounds in long-term renovascular hypertension/renal ischemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hypertension/left-sided renal ischemia was induced using the 2K1C-Goldblatt rat model. Renal renin, ET-1, ET-3 and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene expression was measured by means of RNAse protection assay at different timepoints up to 10 weeks after induction of renal artery stenosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Plasma renin activity and renal renin gene expression in the left kidney were increased in the clipped animals while eNOS expression was unchanged. Furthermore, an increase in ET-1 expression and a decrease of ET-3 expression was detected in early stenosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While renin is obviously involved in regulation of blood pressure and renal function in unilateral renal artery stenosis, ET-1, ET-3 and endothelium derived NO do not appear to play an important role in renal adaptation processes in long-term renal artery stenosis, although ET-1 and ET-3 might be involved in short-term adaptation processes.</p
Natural Phantom Dark Energy, Wiggling Hubble Parameter and Direct Data
Recent direct data indicate that the parameter may wiggle with
respect to . On the other hand the luminosity distance data of supernovae
flatten the wiggles of because of integration effect. It is expected
that the fitting results can be very different in a model permitting a wiggling
because the data of supernovae is highly degenerated to such a model. As
an example the natural phantom dark energy is investigated in this paper. The
dynamical property of this model is studied. The model is fitted by the direct
data set and the SNLS data set, respectively. And the results are quite
different, as expected. The quantum stability of this model is also shortly
discussed. We find it is a viable model if we treat it as an effective theory
truncated by an upperbound.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, discussions on the stability added, conclusions
not change
f(R) theories
Over the past decade, f(R) theories have been extensively studied as one of
the simplest modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review
various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity - such as
inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations,
and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational
backgrounds. We present a number of ways to distinguish those theories from
General Relativity observationally and experimentally. We also discuss the
extension to other modified gravity theories such as Brans-Dicke theory and
Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and address models that can satisfy both cosmological and
local gravity constraints.Comment: 156 pages, 14 figures, Invited review article in Living Reviews in
Relativity, Published version, Comments are welcom
Holographic Dark Energy in Braneworld Models with Moving Branes and the w=-1 Crossing
We apply the bulk holographic dark energy in general 5D two-brane models. We
extract the Friedmann equation on the physical brane and we show that in the
general moving-brane case the effective 4D holographic dark energy behaves as a
quintom for a large parameter-space area of a simple solution subclass. We find
that was larger than -1 in the past while its present value is
, and the phantom bound was crossed
at , a result in agreement with observations. Such a behavior
arises naturally, without the inclusion of special fields or potential terms,
but a fine-tuning between the 4D Planck mass and the brane tension has to be
imposed.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, version published in JCA
Evolution of the horizons for dark energy universe
Recent observational evidences of accelerating phase of the universe strongly
demand that the dominating matter in the universe is in the form of dark
energy. In this work, we study the evolution of the apparent and event horizons
for various dark energy models and examine their behavior across phantom
barrier line.Comment: 11 page
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