21 research outputs found

    Reverse Hierarchy of Alkane Adsorption in Metal鈥揙rganic Frameworks (MOFs) Revealed by Immersion Calorimetry

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    Immersion calorimetry into liquids of different dimensions is a powerful tool to learn about the pore size and shape in nanoporous solids. In general, in the absence of specific interactions with the solid surface, the accessibility of the liquid probe molecule to the inner porosity and the associated enthalpy value decreases with an increase in its kinetic diameter (bulkier molecules have lower accessibility and packing density). Although this is true for the majority of solids (e.g., activated carbons and zeolites), this study anticipates that this is not straightforward in the specific case of metal鈥搊rganic frameworks (MOFs). The evaluation of different hydrocarbons and their derivatives reveals the presence of reverse selectivity for C6 isomers (2,2-dimethylbutane > 2-methylpentane > n-hexane) in UiO-66 and HKUST-1, whereas size exclusion effects take place in ZIF-8. The immersion calorimetric findings have been compared with vapor adsorption isotherms and computational studies. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the reverse selectivity in UiO-66 is attributed to the strong confinement of the dibranched hydrocarbons in the small tetragonal cages, whereas the presence of strong interactions with the open metal sites accounts for the preferential adsorption in HKUST-1. These results open the gate toward the application of immersion calorimetry for the prescreening of MOFs to identify in an easy, fast and reliable way interesting characteristics and/or properties such as separation ability, reversed hierarchy, pore-window size, presence of unsaturated metal sites, molecular accessibility, and so on.Authors would like to acknowledge financial support from MINECO (MAT2016-80285-p), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/004) and H2020 (MSCA-RISE-2016/NanoMed Project). P.Z.M. is grateful for start-up funds from the University of Sheffield

    Numerical analysis and testing of an elastomeric vibration damper

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    W pracy przedstawiono koncepcje numerycznej analizy pracy elastomerowego t艂umika drga艅. Om贸wiono modele materia艂owe materia艂贸w hiperelastycznych, metody doboru modeli materia艂owych materia艂贸w hiperelastycznych do danego materia艂u i obliczenia konkretnego t艂umika elastomerowego. Pokazano r贸wnie偶 przyk艂adowe wyniki bada艅 t艂umika drga艅 zbudowanego na bazie istniej膮cego lotniczego t艂umika drga艅.The paper introduces concepts of a numerical analysis concerning the functioning of an elastomeric vibration damper. Material models of hyperelastic materials, methods of selecting material models of hyperelastic materials for the give materia艂 as well as calculations of a definitive vibration damper are discussed. Example results of tests concerning a vibration damper built on the basis of an existing vibration damper used in aviation are also shown

    Implementing the Maintenance Process in The Waterworks of Gda艅sk

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    Zmiany gospodarcze wymuszaj膮 konieczno艣膰 ci膮g艂ego i systematycznego dostosowywania przedsi臋biorstw wodoci膮gowych do nowych warunk贸w techniczno-ekonomicznych. Istotnym elementem wymuszaj膮cym poszukiwanie nowych rozwi膮za艅 jest znaczny (w Gda艅sku ponad 50%) spadek produkcji wody od 1992 r. Znacznym u艂atwieniem dla zarz膮d贸w przedsi臋biorstw wodoci膮gowych mog膮 by膰 pojawiaj膮ce si臋 nowe narz臋dzia, wska藕niki i kryteria do por贸wnywania dzia艂alno艣ci firm wodoci膮gowych nie tylko pod wzgl臋dem technicznym i technologicznym, ale te偶 coraz cz臋艣ciej pod wzgl臋dem ekonomicznym (benchmarking). W pracy om贸wiono za艂o偶enia i uwarunkowania wdra偶ania "procesu utrzymania urz膮dze艅" w latach 2002-2005. Nowe narz臋dzie pozwoli na zwi臋kszenie mo偶liwo艣ci analizowania informacji o realizowanych pracach i ich kosztach, a tak偶e u艂atwi podejmowanie optymalnych decyzji. Obszar pilota偶owy wdro偶enia obj膮艂 swym zasi臋giem urz膮dzenia automatyki i telemetrii, energetyki oraz urz膮dzenia do dawkowania chemikali贸w (ok. 20% urz膮dze艅 b臋d膮cych w eksploatacji). Celem ko艅cowym tego procesu b臋dzie szczeg贸艂owa kontrola bud偶etu przedsi臋biorstwa i optymalizacja prac zwi膮zanych z utrzymaniem jego urz膮dze艅, poprzez okre艣lenie niezb臋dnych bud偶et贸w operacyjnych oraz ocen臋 ryzyka stanu wyposa偶enia.The continuing changes in Poland's economy and rapid developments in world's technology have become a serious challenge also for water-supply companies, which heave to cope with a variety of new technological and economic issues, and look for adequate solutions. The Waterworks of Gda艅sk, for example, have been suffering a considerable drop in water consumption (which has decreased by 50%) since 1992. This considerable decrease in water demand has revealed the adverse effects of the oversized technological systems and insufficient funds for repairs and overhauls in the past. These days, the managers of water supply system may find considerable support owing to the availability of some new tools (parameters, indexes, criteria), which make it possible to compare the performance of water-supply companies not only in technological but also in economic terms (benchmarking). As these tools were developed for the needs of industrial companies, they have to be modified before they are used by water-supply companies. Recently Saur Neptun Gda艅sk SA (a Bouygues member) has been audited by the French consulting company Celleron, and the growing role of analyses and reports in the management of the company has created the need of implementing an integrated E&T computer system. Considerable progress has already been achieved in the implementation of this system for the Departments of Operations and Technology, which enabled the decision to be made on the implementation of the Maintenance Saur Neptun Gda艅sk in the time span of 2002 to 2005. In the present paper, the assumptions and conditions for the implementation of the Maintenance Process are discussed. The Maintenance Process is a convenient tool providing information not only about the operations being currently performed, but also about the costs involved, which facilitates optimal decision-making. The implementation has been started on a pilot scale, which includes devices made use of in automatic engineering, power engineering and telemetry, as well as the equipment used for dosing chemicals. The final objective of The Process is a detailed control of the budget and the required operating budgets and by assessing the risk of device failure

    Estimation of implementation possibilities of higher requirements in range of vehicles recycling from year 2015

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    W referacie przedstawiono ocen臋 mo偶liwo艣ci uzyskania w Polsce zwi臋kszonych od 2015 roku wymaga艅 w zakresie recyklingu samochod贸w. Om贸wiono wymagania stawiane przez Dyrektyw臋 UE. Przedstawiono oszacowanie liczby samochod贸w do demonta偶u w roku 2015 i w latach nast臋pnych, ilo艣ci materia艂贸w do wt贸rnego przetworzenia oraz dost臋pno艣膰 technologii odzysku i recyklingu. Mo偶liwo艣ci recyklingu i odzysku materia艂贸w z demontowanego pojazdu przedstawiono na przyk艂adzie samochodu Skoda Octavia. Stwierdzono, 偶e Polska posiada dostateczne mo偶liwo艣ci hut: stali, metali kolorowych, szk艂a, rafinerii olej贸w, zak艂ad贸w przetw贸rczych p艂yn贸w ch艂odniczych i hamulcowych oraz akumulator贸w, w wielu przypadkach mo偶liwo艣ci s膮 znacznie wi臋ksze ni偶 mo偶liwo艣ci zbierania zu偶ytych materia艂贸w. Wyst臋puj膮ce braki dotycz膮 przetw贸rstwa tworzyw sztucznych, w szczeg贸lno艣ci poliuretanowych, pianki z foteli samochodowych. We wnioskach stwierdzono, 偶e uzyskanie w Polsce zwi臋kszonych od 01.01.2015 r. poziom贸w odzysku i recyklingu jest mo偶liwe pod warunkiem zwi臋kszenia poziomu demonta偶u pojazd贸w wycofywanych z eksploatacji. Wymaga to poprawy op艂acalno艣ci demonta偶u - modyfikacji sposobu dop艂at do demonta偶u, powoduj膮cej, 偶e dofinansowanie nie b臋dzie traktowane, jako pomoc publiczna de minimis, lecz jako zwrot koszt贸w poniesionych na demonta偶.The report presents the estimation of implementation possibilities of higher requirements in the range of vehicles recycling from year 2015 in Poland. It describes EU Directives requirements. The report presents several estimations: the amount of end-of life vehicles in year 2015 and in next years, the amount of materials to recover and also recover and recycling technology availability. Materials' recycling and recovery are described on based of the car Skoda Octavia. It is said that Poland has enough foundries, steelworks, metalworks, glassworks, oil refineries, and works of the processing of refrigeration and brake oils and batteries. In majority cases, possibilities are much greater than possibilities of collecting used materials. There are only some problems with plastic processing, especially with polyurethane materials, i.e. foam from vehicle seats. In conclusion, Poland can achieve higher levels of recovery and recycling when the level of dismantling of end of life vehicles will be increased. This requires making dismantling more profitable - the supplement system has to be change to prevent treating as public help 'de minimis' and not as a repayment of dismantling costs

    Description of phenomena vibration in hyperdeform polymers materials

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