Toxicity of malathion to silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus Bleeker) fingerlings

Static bioassays were performed to observe the toxic effect of malathion to Barbodes gonionotus at 0.0 to 20.0 ppm concentrations. Malathion at 5.0 ppm was harmless to B. gonionotus and concentrations above 6.0 ppm were found to be lethal. Malathion at 2.06 ppm was safe for the B. gonionotus

Risk and protective factors associated with maternal mental health in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

Background: Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience lower maternal mental health outcomes than mothers of children from other populations, including children with intellectual and developmental disorders. Objectives: This study explored risk factors associated with maternal mental health. Several factors including maternal resilience, social support, coping, optimism and family functioning acted as protective factors between child behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health. Methods: Mothers of 70 children completed a cross-sectional online survey. Twenty-two children were diagnosed with ASD, 16 children were diagnosed with Dyslexia (DYS) and 32 children had no special educational needs diagnosis (NO SEND). Results: Mothers of children with ASD demonstrated greater maternal mental health problems compared to mothers of children with DYS and NO SEND. Socioeconomic status (SES), child diagnosis, child gender, and child behavioural and emotional problems were significant risk factors associated with reduced maternal mental health. Maternal resilience, family functioning, and practical coping served as protective factors, moderating the relationship between child behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health. There is little evidence to suggest social support, optimism, and wishful thinking were protective factors in this relationship between child behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health. Implications: There is a need to support mothers of children with ASD through interventions to promote and increase their mental health

Congestive Loss in Wireless Ad hoc Network: Network Performance Analysis

Communication in wireless network is quite susceptible to mobility, nodes capacity and power consumption level. These might contributes to the major problem of TCP performance degradation where there are highly potential of packet loss and packet reordering. In this research, we manage to observe the impact of packet behavior once the node’s capacity is limited when passing on-going data. This condition occurs when the node’s buffer starts to be overloaded. A simulation study by using OPNET Modeler 14.5 is conducted to achieve the purpose. A static ad hoc topology with the size of users (2n where n=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) is used to observe several parameters such as throughput, number of packet dropped, retransmission count and end-to-end TCP delay. The results show that the size of buffer for ad hoc node influence the network performance whenever number of users is changed. In future, we plan to extend this study in a way of deeply understanding the effect of mobility in wireless network

Analysis on Differential Router Buffer Size towards Network Congestion: A Simulation-based

Network resources are shared amongst a large number of users. Improper managing network traffic leads to congestion problem that degrades a network performance. It happens when the traffic exceeds the network capacity. In this research, we plan to observe the value of buffer size that contributes to network congestion. A simulation study by using OPNET Modeler 14.5 is conducted to achieve the purpose. A simple dumb-bell topology is used to observe several parameter such as number of packet dropped, retransmission count, end-to-end TCP delay, queuing delay and link utilization. The results show that the determination of buffer size based on Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP) is still applicable for up to 500 users before network start to be congested. The symptom of near-congestion situation also being discussed corresponds to simulation results. Therefore, the buffer size needs to be determined to optimize the network performance based on our network topology. In future, the extension study will be carried out to investigate the effect of other buffer size models such as Stanford Model and Tiny Buffer Model. In addition, the buffer size has to be determined for wireless environment later on

Effect of different feeds on growth, survival and production of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell)

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeds on growth survival and production of African catfish (C. gariepinus) in six cemented tanks (3m² each) over a period of 120 days. Three different feeds namely Feed A (Saudi-Bangla fish feed, 33.43% protein), Feed B (formulated feed, 40.12% protein) and Feed C (chicken raw intestine, 59.58% protein) were applied to treatments I, II and III respectively. Each of the tanks was stocked with 24 fry with mean initial body weight of 2.56±0.06 g. Feeds were supplied to the fish ad-libitum daily in two instalments. Significantly highest weight gain was obtained in treatment III, however, survival rate was low compared to other treatments. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values ranged from 2.52-6.4. Survival rate of fish varied between 83 and 96%. Treatment II yielded the highest (5000 kg/ha/120 days) production with the highest survival rate of fish. On the basis of survival rate and production, it is suggested that the formulated feed (Feed B) is suitable for the culture of C. gariepinus in cemented tanks

On-Campus, Virtual, Blended, and Triple Systems of Teaching-Learning: Fitness and Relevance for Private Universities in Bangladesh

In the transition to the post-pandemic phase, the blended teaching-learning modality seems to be a good solution for universities. But the post-pandemic paradigm seemingly calls for a triple-system of classes, i.e., on-campus classes, blended teaching-learning, and virtual classes separately under separate plans and schedules. The paper explored a clear-cut conceptual understanding of the concepts of “virtual classes,” “blended teaching-learning,” and “triple-system of classes.” The study contributed a comprehensive framework with teaching-learning modalities, especially for private universities in Bangladesh, in the pandemic period, the transition to the post-pandemic period, and the post-pandemic paradigm. It also developed a robust model for blended learning

Gunung Tahan Trail: a historical review

There are still a lot of information on the history of Gunung Tahan Trail which remain unknown to the Malaysian public; some were buried with the demise of the elderly living around this mountain. This paper attempts to reveal the history of this famous trail which is located in Taman Negara in relation to the origin of its name, local belief and folklore of the mountain, colonial proposal for the establishment of grand hill station and early attempts to explore the mountain. Most of the data and information for this review were gathered from field notes and expedition reports published in various journals between 1880 and 1940. These information would be useful to Taman Negara Park Management in enriching recreational and nature tourism experiences among users of Gunung Tahan Trail

Isolation, identification and antiproliferative activity of triterpenes from the genus Monotheca A. DC.

The Monotheca A. DC. is a monotypic genus of the family Sapotaceae, which is widely distributed in Afghanistan, Djbouti, Northern Somalia, Oman, Pakistan and Southern Ethiopia. North-west Pakistan is the main region where Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC., the only species of this genus, locally known as “Gurgura”, grows abundantly. It is an evergreen, fruit-producing medicinal tree. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aerial parts of M. buxifolia afforded lupeol (1), lupeol acetate (2), betulin (3), oleanolic acid (4) and β-amyrin (5) from the n-hexane and the chloroform fractions. This is the first report on the isolation, and identification of triterpenes (1-5) as the major compounds in the active fractions with antiproliferative property, and also on the antiproliferative activity of M. buxifolia extract and fractions against the human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 in vitro

Assessing Wireless Security Implementation In Government And Private Sector Companies In Malacca – A Case Study

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have become a common technology in our everyday life. The use of WLAN can be seen among home users who use it to access the Internet and play games to business users who conduct daily business activities over the WLAN. The main objective of this case study was to ascertain the level of security with regards to wireless implementation in government and private sector companies in Malacca. To gauge the level of security being implemented, we conduct war driving sessions where we use certain hardware and software to map these wireless networks and then analyze their level of security in terms of whether they use encryption techniques such as WEP or WPA for data confidentiality. Simulation was done to show that some of these techniques are not secure. Then, comparisons are made between the use of open source software against vendor based software to collect and analyze the wireless networks before making several conclusions. The most alarming conclusion was that the level of awareness of wireless security among users in Malacca was still relatively low, especially in government sectors. Finally, we propose several steps that can be taken to minimize and counter problems faced when using wireless technology