Comparison of pear production areas from yield risk aspect

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Enhancing Phenolic Maturity of Syrah with the Application of a New Foliar Spray

Climate change is inducing earlier grape ripening, especially in warm vintages. This phenomenon isresulting in unbalanced wines an alcohol concentration that is too high and titratable acidity that is low,along with a high pH level without the desired level of phenolic maturity. Final wine quality notably dependson the phenolic composition of the grapes and the extractability of these compounds. This research wasdesigned to test a new foliar spray, called LalVigne® MATURE, for its capacity to create a balance betweensugar development and phenolic maturity. It is a formulation of 100% natural, inactivated wine yeastderivatives. This foliar spray was tested on Syrah vines in two vintages (2012 and 2013) in a cool-climatewine region (Eger, Hungary). The spray acted as an elicitor, stimulating the synthesis of several secondarymetabolites. The changes in anthocyanin extractability and texture characteristics of the grape berrieswere followed during ripening. Experimental wines were made at three separate harvest times in eachvintage. Standard analytical parameters were evaluated for grapes and wines, as well as for resveratrol.Grapes from the treated vines had thicker skins than the controls at all sampling dates in both vintages.The phenolic potential (especially anthocyanin concentration and extractability) of the foliar spray-treatedgrapes was greatly improved. Our experiment showed that phenolic ripening can be enhanced using thefoliar spray, and that its application was useful in different vintages

Climatic indicators regarding the rest period of sour cherry

Sour cherry production in the world is increasing gradually. Profitable production, i.e. yield, depends largely on weatherconditions. If Hungary wishes to keep up with the most successful countries, attention should be paid to the weather during the dormancyperiod, being definitely decisive from the points of view of quality as well as quantity. In order to predict the expected risk factors,characterisation of the most important weather parameters is necessary. For that purpose, the database of the Institute of Research andExtension Service for Fruit Growing at Újfehértó Ltd. has been utilised. Records of weather conditions were collected throughout the period1984-2005, i.e. daily minimum, maximum and mean temperatures (°C), and phenological diary of sour cherry varieties ’Újfehértói fürtös’,’Kántorjánosi’ and ’Debreceni bôtermô’. For the future expectations study we have used the RegCM3.1 regional climate model with 10 kmresolution. Data of 4 indicators have been traced: Average temperatures, Number of days without frost, Maximum length of periods withoutfrost, Maximum length of frosty period. On the one hand, we surveyed the changes; on the other hand, estimates have been attempted for thefuture changes expected during the following decades

Climatic indicator analysis of blooming time for sour cherries

County Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg produces more than the half of the total sour cherry grown in Hungary. Successful production,i.e. yield, depends largely on weather conditions. Most attention should be paid to the weather during the blooming period, being mostdecisive from the points of view of quality as well as quantity. In order to predict yields expected, the characterisation of the most importantweather parameters is necessary. For that purpose, the database of the Institute of Research and Extension Service for Fruit Growing atÚjfehértó Ltd. has been utilised. Records of weather conditions were collected throughout the period 1984-2005, i.e. daily minimum,maximum and mean temperatures (°C), precipitation (mm), and phonological diary of sour cherry varieties ’Újfehértói fürtös’, ’Kántorjánosi’and ’Debreceni bôtermô’. Data of 7 indicators have been traced: number of frosty days, the absolute minimum temperatures, means ofminimum temperatures, number of days when daily means were above 10°C, means of maximum temperatures, number of days withoutprecipitation, and number of days when precipitation was more than 5 mm. On the one hand, we surveyed the changes; on the other hand,estimates have been attempted for the future changes expected during the following decades. The indicators being associated with certainrisky events may serve for the prediction of the future recommendations to prevent damages

Comparison of pear production areas from yield risk aspect

There are three main pear production regions in Hungary. The most relevant is theWest-Transdanubian (Zala, Vas and Gyôr-Moson-Sopron counties), where up to 30% of total pear production occurs. The second most productive region is Pest County, where pear is grown mostly in gardens and garden plots, resulting in 15-20% of Hungarian production. In the northern Hungarian region (Bodrog valley in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Heves and Nógrád counties), the microclimate is perfect for optimal pear production. In our analysis, we focused on four plantations that are dominant in pear production in Hungary. Two of them are situated in south-western Hungary, one of them is in South Transdanubia and one is in North Hungary. Considering the personal attitude of the decision maker towards risk, the best alternative is ‘Williams’ in Alsóberecki, as the yield risk is the lowest with this variety, while the second best alternative is ‘Bosc Beurre,’ also produced in Alsóberecki. This is an irrigated area, and this fact evidently decreases the yield risk. The highest risk is in Bánfapuszta and in Zalasárszeg, for the non-irrigated ‘Williams’ variety. The highest yield with the lowest risk can be obtained with irrigation. Nevertheless, in the case that relevant data are available, and by incorporating cost and expected profit data, the stochastic dominance method is suitable for financial risk assessment, as well

Climatic indicator analysis of blooming time for sour cherries

County Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg produces more than the half of the total sour cherry grown in Hungary. Successful production, i.e. yield, depends largely on weather conditions. Most attention should be paid to the weather during the blooming period, being most decisive from the points of view of quality as well as quantity. In order to predict yields expected, the characterisation of the most important weather parameters is necessary. For that purpose, the database of the Institute of Research and Extension Service for Fruit Growing at Újfehértó Ltd. has been utilised. Records of weather conditions were collected throughout the period 1984-2005, i.e. daily minimum, maximum and mean temperatures (°C), precipitation (mm), and phonological diary of sour cherry varieties ’Újfehértói fürtös’, ’Kántorjánosi’ and ’Debreceni bôtermô’. Data of 7 indicators have been traced: number of frosty days, the absolute minimum temperatures, means of minimum temperatures, number of days when daily means were above 10°C, means of maximum temperatures, number of days without precipitation, and number of days when precipitation was more than 5 mm. On the one hand, we surveyed the changes; on the other hand, estimates have been attempted for the future changes expected during the following decades. The indicators being associated with certain risky events may serve for the prediction of the future recommendations to prevent damages

Comparison of pear production areas from yield risk aspect

There are three main pear production regions in Hungary. The most relevant is theWest-Transdanubian (Zala, Vas and Gyôr-Moson-Sopron counties), where up to 30% of total pear production occurs. The second most productive region is Pest County, where pear is grownmostly in gardens and garden plots, resulting in 15-20% of Hungarian production. In the northern Hungarian region (Bodrog valley in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Heves and Nógrád counties), the microclimate is perfect for optimal pear production. In our analysis, we focused on fourplantations that are dominant in pear production in Hungary. Two of them are situated in south-western Hungary, one of them is in SouthTransdanubia and one is in North Hungary. Considering the personal attitude of the decision maker towards risk, the best alternative is ‘Williams’in Alsóberecki, as the yield risk is the lowest with this variety, while the second best alternative is ‘Bosc Beurre,’ also produced in Alsóberecki.This is an irrigated area, and this fact evidently decreases the yield risk. The highest risk is in Bánfapuszta and in Zalasárszeg, for the non-irrigated‘Williams’ variety. The highest yield with the lowest risk can be obtained with irrigation. Nevertheless, in the case that relevant data are available,and by incorporating cost and expected profit data, the stochastic dominance method is suitable for financial risk assessment, as well

Climatic indicators regarding the rest period of sour cherry

Sour cherry production in the world is increasing gradually. Profitable production, i.e. yield, depends largely on weather conditions. If Hungary wishes to keep up with the most successful countries, attention should be paid to the weather during the dormancy period, being definitely decisive from the points of view of quality as well as quantity. In order to predict the expected risk factors, characterisation of the most important weather parameters is necessary. For that purpose, the database of the Institute of Research and Extension Service for Fruit Growing at Újfehértó Ltd. has been utilised. Records of weather conditions were collected throughout the period 1984-2005, i.e. daily minimum, maximum and mean temperatures (°C), and phenological diary of sour cherry varieties ’Újfehértói fürtös’, ’Kántorjánosi’ and ’Debreceni bôtermô’. For the future expectations study we have used the RegCM3.1 regional climate model with 10 km resolution. Data of 4 indicators have been traced: Average temperatures, Number of days without frost, Maximum length of periods without frost, Maximum length of frosty period. On the one hand, we surveyed the changes; on the other hand, estimates have been attempted for the future changes expected during the following decades

Low-lying continuum structures in B8 and Li8 in a microscopic model

We search for low-lying resonances in the B8 and Li8 nuclei using a microscopic cluster model and a variational scattering method, which is analytically continued to complex energies. After fine-tuning the nucleon-nucleon interaction to get the known 1+ state of B8 at the right energy, we reproduce the known spectra of the studied nuclei. In addition, our model predicts a 1+ state at 1.3 MeV in B8, relative to the Be7+p threshold, whose corresponding pair is situated right at the Li7+n threshold in Li8. Lacking any experimental evidence for the existence of such states, it is presently uncertain whether these structures really exist or they are spurious resonances in our model. We demonstrate that the predicted state in B8, if it exists, would have important consequences for the understanding of the astrophysically important Be7(p,gamma)B8 reaction.Comment: 6 pages with 1 figure. The postscript file and more information are available at http://nova.elte.hu/~csot