Droplet Actuation by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD): A Review

This paper reviews publications that have fortified our understanding of the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation mechanism. Over the last decade, growing interest in EWOD has led to a wide range of scientific and technological investigations motivated by its applicability in microfluidics, especially for droplet-based optical and lab-on-a-chip systems. At this point in time, we believe that it is helpful to summarize the observations, insights, and modeling techniques that have led to the current picture showing how forces act on liquid droplets and how droplets respond in EWOD microfluidic devices. We discuss the basic physics of EWOD and explain the mechanical response of a droplet using free-body diagrams. It is our hope that this review will inspire new research approaches and help design useful devices. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Patterns and Structure of Calcification in Aortic Stenosis: An Approach on Contrast-Enhanced CT Images

Procedural  planning  for  transcatheter  aortic  valvereplacement  (TAVR)  is  routinely  performed  usingcontrast computed tomography (CT) in patients withsevere aortic stenosis (AS). Despite its potential, littleinvestigation has been done into the possibility ofaortic  valve  (AV)  calcification scoring in  contrast-enhanced  CT.  This  is  valuable  because  contrast-enhanced  CT  has  better  dynamic  contrast  andspatial resolution than noncontrast CT, allowing forbetter descriptors of calcific lesions on the leaflets.</p