Self-Excited Vibration of Statically Unloaded Pads in Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings

load characteristics are satisfactory if ^m«0.66ap, but these pads do not have tendencies to loose their stability

Short review of the CFD activities in Poland

Computational fluid dynamics is being developed at several universities and scientific centres in Poland. These centres are considered and a general description of CFD activities is provided. It should be emphasised that the centres mentioned are only the best known ones. The information provided has been prepared in co-operation with the responsible scientists and is authorised by them. Therefore the form of topics description is not uniform

Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Sulfur-Containing Volatile Compounds from the In-Depth Analysis of Lisbon Lemon Peels (Citrus limon L. Burm. f. cv. Lisbon)

Lemons (Citrus limon) are a desirable citrus fruit grown and used globally in a wide range of applications. The main constituents of this sour-tasting fruit have been well quantitated and characterized. However, additional research is still necessary to better understand the trace volatile compounds that may contribute to the overall aroma of the fruit. In this study, Lisbon lemons (<i>C. limon</i> L. Burm. f. cv. Lisbon) were purchased from a grove in California, USA, and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction. Fractionation and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were utilized to separate, focus, and enhance unidentified compounds. In addition, these methods were employed to more accurately assign flavor dilution factors by aroma extract dilution analysis. Numerous compounds were identified for the first time in lemons, including a series of branched aliphatic aldehydes and several novel sulfur-containing structures. Rarely reported in citrus peels, sulfur compounds are known to contribute significantly to the aroma profile of the fruit and were found to be aroma-active in this particular study on lemons. This paper discusses the identification, synthesis, and organoleptic properties of these novel volatile sulfur compounds