2,124 research outputs found
Strong-Coupling Theory of Rattling-Induced Superconductivity
In order to clarify the mechanism of the enhancement of superconducting
transition temperature due to anharmonic local oscillation of a
guest ion in a cage composed of host atoms, i.e., {\it rattling}, we analyze
the anharmonic Holstein model by applying the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. From
the evaluation of the normal-state electron-phonon coupling constant, it is
found that the strong coupling state is developed, when the bottom of a
potential for the guest ion becomes wide and flat. Then, is
enhanced with the increase of the anharmonicity in the potential, although
is rather decreased when the potential becomes a double-well type
due to very strong anharmonicity. From these results, we propose a scenario of
anharmonicity-controlled strong-coupling tendency for superconductivity induced
by rattling. We briefly discuss possible relevance of the present scenario with
superconductivity in -pyrochlore oxides.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Phonon Dynamics and Multipolar Isomorphic Transition in beta-pyrochlore KOs2O6
We investigate with a microscopic model anharmonic K-cation oscillation
observed by neutron experiments in beta-pyrochlore superconductor KOs2O6, which
also shows a mysterious first-order structural transition at Tp=7.5 K. We have
identified a set of microscopic model parameters that successfully reproduce
the observed temperature dependence and the superconducting transition
temperature. Considering changes in the parameters at Tp, we can explain
puzzling experimental results about electron-phonon coupling and neutron data.
Our analysis demonstrates that the first-order transition is multipolar
transition driven by the octupolar component of K-cation oscillations. The
octupole moment does not change the symmetry and is characteristic to
noncentrosymmetric K-cation potential.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
A Possible Phase Transition in beta-pyrochlore Compounds
We investigate a lattice of interacting anharmonic oscillators by using a
mean field theory and exact diagonalization. We construct an effective
five-state hopping model with intersite repulsions as a model for
beta-pyrochlore AOs_2O_6(A=K, Rb or Cs). We obtain the first order phase
transition line from large to small oscillation amplitude phases as temperature
decreases. We also discuss the possibility of a phase with local electric
polarizations. Our theory can explain the origin of the mysterious first order
transition in KOs_2O_6.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Kondo Effect of a Magnetic Ion Vibrating in a Harmonic Potential
To discuss Kondo effects of a magnetic ion vibrating in the sea of conduction
electrons, a generalized Anderson model is derived. The model includes a new
channel of hybridization associated with phonon emission or absorption. In the
simplest case of the localized electron orbital with the s-wave symmetry,
hybridization with p-waves becomes possible. Interesting interplay among the
conventional s-wave Kondo effect and the p-wave one and the Yu-Anderson type
Kondo effect is found and the ground state phase diagram is determined by using
the numerical renormalization group method. Two different types of stable fixed
points are identified and the two-channel Kondo fixed points are generically
realized on the boundary.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) No.6 to be
publishe
The statistical geometry of scale-free random trees
The properties of scale-free random trees are investigated using both
preconditioning on non-extinction and fixed size averages, in order to study
the thermodynamic limit. The scaling form of volume probability is found, the
connectivity dimensions are determined and compared with other exponents which
describe the growth. The (local) spectral dimension is also determined, through
the study of the massless limit of the Gaussian model on such trees.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, revtex4, minor changes (published version
Heavy-Electron Formation and Bipolaronic Transition in the Anharmonic Holstein Model
The emergence of the bipolaronic phase and the formation of the
heavy-electron state in the anharmonic Holstein model are investigated using
the dynamical mean-field theory in combination with the exact diagonalization
method. For a weak anharmonicity, it is confirmed that the first-order
polaron-bipolaron transition occurs from the observation of a discontinuity in
the behavior of several physical quantities. When the anharmonicity is
gradually increased, the polaron-bipolaron transition temperature is reduced as
well as the critical values of the electron-phonon coupling constant for
polaron-bipolaron transition. For a strong anharmonicity, the polaron-bipolaron
transition eventually changes to a crossover behavior. The effect of
anharmonicity on the formation of the heavy-electron state near the
polaron-bipolaron transition and the crossover region is discussed in detail.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure
Waveguiding and photoluminescence in Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> planar waveguides
The optimization of erbium-doped Ta2O5 thin film waveguides deposited by magnetron sputtering onto thermally oxidized silicon wafer is described. Optical constants of the film were determined by ellipsometry. For the slab waveguides, background losses below 0.4dB/cm at 633nm have been obtained before post-annealing. The samples, when pumped at 980nm yielded abroad photoluminescence spectrum (FWHM ~50 nm) centred at 1534nm, corresponding to 4 I 13/2 to the 4 I 15/2 transition of Er3+ ion. The samples were annealed up to 600 °C and both photoluminescence power and fluorescence lifetime increase with post-annealing temperature and a fluorescence lifetime of 2.4ms was achieved, yielding promising results for compact waveguide amplifier
LNK (SH2B3): paradoxical effects in ovarian cancer.
LNK (SH2B3) is an adaptor protein studied extensively in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. In these cells, it downregulates activated tyrosine kinases at the cell surface resulting in an antiproliferative effect. To date, no studies have examined activities of LNK in solid tumors. In this study, we found by in silico analysis and staining tissue arrays that the levels of LNK expression were elevated in high-grade ovarian cancer. To test the functional importance of this observation, LNK was either overexpressed or silenced in several ovarian cancer cell lines. Remarkably, overexpression of LNK rendered the cells resistant to death induced by either serum starvation or nutrient deprivation, and generated larger tumors using a murine xenograft model. In contrast, silencing of LNK decreased ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Western blot studies indicated that overexpression of LNK upregulated and extended the transduction of the mitogenic signal, whereas silencing of LNK produced the opposite effects. Furthermore, forced expression of LNK reduced cell size, inhibited cell migration and markedly enhanced cell adhesion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy identified 14-3-3 as one of the LNK-binding partners. Our results suggest that in contrast to the findings in hematologic malignancies, the adaptor protein LNK acts as a positive signal transduction modulator in ovarian cancers
Superconductivity and Rattling under High Pressure in the beta-Pyrochlore Oxide RbOs2O6
Rattling-induced superconductivity in the beta-pyrochlore oxide RbOs2O6 is
investigated under high pressures up to 6 GPa. Resistivity measurements in a
high-quality single crystal show that the superconducting transition
temperature Tc increases gradually from 6.3 K at ambient pressure to 8.8 K at
3.5 GPa, surprisingly remains almost constant at 8.8 \pm 0.1 K in a wide
pressure range between 3.5 (Po) and 4.8 GPa, and suddenly drops to 6.3 K at Ps
= 4.9 GPa, followed by a gradual decrease with further pressure increase. Two
anomalies in the temperature dependence of the normal-state resistivity are
observed at Po Ps, revealing the presence of two high-pressure
phases corresponding to the changes in Tc. The rattling of the Rb ion inside a
cage made of Os and O atoms may be slightly and seriously modified in these
high-pressure phases that probably have cages of reduced symmetry,
respectively, so that electron-rattler interactions that govern the
superconducting and transport properties of beta-RbOs2O6 are significantly
affected.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1009.035
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