Acoustic Diagnostics of Electrical Origin Fault Modes with Readily Available Consumer-Grade Sensors

Acoustic diagnostics, traditionally associated with mechanical fault modes, can potentially solve a wider range of monitoring applications. Typically, fault modes are induced purposefully by the researcher through physical component damage whilst the system is shutdown. This paper presents low-cost real-time fault diagnostics of a previously unreported acute electrical origin fault that manifests sporadically during system operation with no triggering intervention. A suitability study into acoustic measurements from readily available consumer-grade sensors for low-cost real-time diagnostics of audible faults, and a brief overview of the theory and configuration of the wavelet packet transform (including optimal wavelet selection methods) and empirical mode decomposition processing algorithms is also included. The example electrical origin fault studied here is an unpredictable current instability arising with the PWM-controller of a BrushLess DC motor. Experimental trials positively detect 99.9 % of the 1160 resultant high-bandwidth torque transients using acoustic measurements from a USB microphone and a smartphone. While the use of acoustic techniques for detecting emerging electrical origin faults remains largely unexplored, the techniques demonstrated here can be readily adopted for the prevention of catastrophic failure of drive and power electronic components

Using jasmonates and salicylates to reduce losses within the fruit supply chain

The fresh produce industry is constantly growing, due to increasing consumer demand. The shelf-life of some fruit, however, is relatively short, limited by microbial contamination or visual, textural and nutritional quality loss. Thus, techniques for reducing undesired microbial contamination, spoilage and decay, as well as maintaining product’s visual, textural and nutritional quality are in high demand at all steps within the supply chain. The postharvest use of signalling molecules, i.e. jasmonates and salicylates seems to have unexplored potential. The focus of this review is on the effects of treatment with jasmonates and salicylates on the fresh produce quality, defined by decay incidence and severity, chilling injury, maintenance of texture, visual quality, taste and aroma, and nutritional content. Postharvest treatments with jasmonates and salicylates have the ability to reduce decay by increasing fruit resistance to diseases and reducing chilling injury in numerous products. These treatments also possess the ability to improve other quality characteristics, i.e. appearance, texture maintenance and nutritional content. Furthermore, they can easily be combined with other treatments, e.g. heat treatment, ultrasound treatment. A good understanding of all the benefits and limitations related to the postharvest use of jasmonates and salicylates is needed, and relevant information has been reviewed in this paper

Recognition of Monochrome Thermal Images of Synchronous Motor with the Application of Skeletonization and Classifier Based on Words

Thermography is a technology that enables recognition of objects in the specific area. The goal of using thermographic techniques for ironworks is to diagnose electrical equipment. These techniques can be also use to increase safety and quality control in ironworks. Faulty equipment can be dangerous for engineers. Article describes the method of the recognition of imminent failure states of synchronous motor. Thermal images of the stator are used for an analysis of electrical machine. Researches of image processing techniques have been carried out for three states of motor. Proposed approach uses patterns recognition. Using of medial axis transformation and classifier based on words gave good results. In the future electrical machines and metallurgical equipment will use diagnostic systems based on recognition of thermal images

Fault Diagnosis of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Current Signal, MSAF-Ratio15 and Selected Classifiers

A degradation of metallurgical equipment is normal process depended on time. Some factors such as: operation process, friction, high temperature can accelerate the degradation process of metallurgical equipment. In this paper the authors analyzed three phase induction motors. These motors are common used in the metallurgy industry, for example in conveyor belt. The diagnostics of such motors is essential. An early detection of faults prevents financial loss and downtimes. The authors proposed a technique of fault diagnosis based on recognition of currents. The authors analyzed 4 states of three phase induction motor: healthy three phase induction motor, three phase induction motor with 1 faulty rotor bar, three phase induction motor with 2 faulty rotor bars, three phase induction motor with faulty ring of squirrel-cage. An analysis was carried out for original method of feature extraction called MSAF-RATIO15 (Method of Selection of Amplitudes of Frequencies – Ratio 15% of maximum of amplitude). A classification of feature vectors was performed by Bayes classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Nearest Neighbour classifier. The proposed technique of fault diagnosis can be used for protection of three phase induction motors and other rotating electrical machines. In the near future the authors will analyze other motors and faults. There is also idea to use thermal, acoustic, electrical, vibration signal together

Fault Diagnosis of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Current Signal, MSAF-Ratio15 and Selected Classifiers

A degradation of metallurgical equipment is normal process depended on time. Some factors such as: operation process, friction, high temperature can accelerate the degradation process of metallurgical equipment. In this paper the authors analyzed three phase induction motors. These motors are common used in the metallurgy industry, for example in conveyor belt. The diagnostics of such motors is essential. An early detection of faults prevents financial loss and downtimes. The authors proposed a technique of fault diagnosis based on recognition of currents. The authors analyzed 4 states of three phase induction motor: healthy three phase induction motor, three phase induction motor with 1 faulty rotor bar, three phase induction motor with 2 faulty rotor bars, three phase induction motor with faulty ring of squirrel-cage. An analysis was carried out for original method of feature extraction called MSAF-RATIO15 (Method of Selection of Amplitudes of Frequencies – Ratio 15% of maximum of amplitude). A classification of feature vectors was performed by Bayes classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Nearest Neighbour classifier. The proposed technique of fault diagnosis can be used for protection of three phase induction motors and other rotating electrical machines. In the near future the authors will analyze other motors and faults. There is also idea to use thermal, acoustic, electrical, vibration signal together

Polymorphism of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Polish Merino and Suffolk sheep flocks

Celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie frekwencji alleli białka prionowego PRNP w stadach owiec rasy merynos polski i suffolk. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2012-2017 na macior- kach i trykach rasy merynos polski i suffolk utrzymywanych w owczarni Golina Wielka (woj. wielkopolskie). Wszystkie zwierzęta (264 ♀ i 64 ♂ rasy merynos polski oraz 98 ♀ i 73 ♂ rasy suffolk) w wieku do 1 roku były poddane identyfikacji genu białka prionowego PRNP. Stwierdzono wysoko istotny wpływ rasy na frekwencje alleli i genotypów trzęsawki oraz istotny wpływ roku na ww. frekwencje u merynosa polskiego. Wykazano występowanie pięciu alleli (ALRR, ALRQ, ALHQ, AFRQ i VLRQ), co prowadziło do zidentyfikowana 10 genotypów białka PRNP u merynosa polskiego oraz trzech alleli (ALRR, ALRQ i ALHQ) i trzech genotypów u rasy suffolk. U merynosa polskiego stwierdzono wysoką frekwencję genotypu ALRR/ALRQ, a następnie ALRR/ALRR, przy bardzo niskim poziomie występo- wania genotypów zawierających walinę w kodonie 136. U rasy suffolk wykazano bardzo wy- soką frekwencję genotypu ALRR/ALRR i brak alleli zawierających walinę w kodonie 136. Dodatkowo u merynosa polskiego stwierdzono występowanie uwarunkowania zawierającego w kodonie 141 fenyloalaninę tylko w formie allelu AFRQ, który pojawił się w dwóch genoty- pach (w kombinacji z ALRR i ALRQ)

The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of water/Fe3O4 ferrofluid flow in a tube with V-cut twisted tape turbulator under the magnetic field effect

The magnetic field (MF) effect on the heat transfer of Fe3O4 ferrofluid swirl flow inside a tube with turbulator was investigated under three Re numbers (200, 400, and 600), turbulator pitches (H = 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm), and three scenarios of MF location. The outputs demonstrated that by applying the MF on zone#1 (near the entrance), zone#2 (middle of tube), and zone#3 (near the outlet) improves convective heat transfer coefficient (h) over the tube without MF by 1.1% (or 2.49%), 11.13% (or 14.94%), and 39.42% (or 10.91%), respectively, at Re of 200 (or 600). In consequence, the absorber tube temperature reduces by 0.207% (or 2.23%), 0.058% (or 0.498%), and 0.068% (or 0.293%), respectively, for zones 1, 2, and 3 and at Re = 200 (or 600). In addition, the MF increases the pressure drop over the tube without MF by nearly 16%, 9%, and 4%, for zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the intensification of H from 50 mm to 150 mm at Res of 200–600 decreased h by 30.21–19.32% and 28.51–26.91% under zone#1 and zone#2 scenarios, respectively, while enhanced that by 5.52–0.26% for MF applied on zone#3. Furthermore, the highest PEC was obtained as 1.55–2.36 for H values of 50 mm-150 mm when MF is applied on zone#3 and at Re = 200