Chemodivergent Manganese-Catalyzed C–H Activation: Modular Synthesis of Fluorogenic Probes

Bioorthogonal diversification of peptides is generally dependent on impractical prefunctionalization methods. Here, the authors develop a manganese(I)-catalyzed C–H fluorescent labeling with BODIPY probes, which enables the development of activatable fluorophores to image cell function

Evaluating the frequency of breast cancer risk factors in women referred to mammography center for breast cancer screening: A report from south part of Iran

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of risk factors of breast cancer and assess the women’ age referred to mammography center at first screening mammogram in Bandar Abbas county, Iran. Methods A two-part questionnaire was used to gather the required data among 104 women who referred to the mammography center for the first time. The first part of the questionnaire was answered by patients and it included questions about age and effective parameters on breast cancer such as having breast pain and discharge, use of oral contraceptives, duration of breastfeeding, amount of daily exercise, and number of children. The second part of the questionnaire covered clinical questions regarding each of the patients and was filled by physicians after interpreting mammograms. Results The maximum frequency of age in women with their first mammogram ranged from 46 to 50 years old. Furthermore, 82% of women did not feel mass in their breast. The percentage of women who complained of breast pain before attending to mammography center was 32%. Most of the participations had more than three pregnancies and were pregnant for the first time in ages less than 20. Benign mass was diagnosed in 89% of women having lesion and three women were suspected to have malignant mass. Conclusion Due to the low performance of women in using screening methods such as mammography and breast self-examination, it seems necessary to design programs in order to educate women about methods of breast cancer screening. Also, it appears essential to establish changes in lifestyle such as changing diet and pay more attention to physical activity that can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Keywords Screening Breast cancer Risk factor Mammograph

Complement activates Kupffer cells and neutrophils during reperfusion after hepatic ischemia

The hypothesis that complement factors may be involved in the postischemic activation of Kupffer cells (KC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was investigated in a model of hepatic ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion in male Fischer rats in vivo. Depletion of serum complement before ischemia resulted in a significant attenuation of the KC-induced oxidant stress (enhanced oxidation of plasma glutathione) and also prevented the accumulation of PMNs in the liver during the initial reperfusion period of 1 h. Complement activation through injection of cobra venom factor (CVF; 75 μg CVF/kg) also induced enhanced oxidation of plasma glutathione and accumulation of PMNs in the liver. Isolation of KC and PMNs from the liver 1 h after CVF treatment demonstrated a similar priming effect for stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and opsonized zymosan as was observed in the postischemic liver. Complement-depleted animals and animals pretreated with the soluble human complement receptor type 1 (BRL 55730; 22.5 mg/kg) accumulated significantly less PMNs in the postischemic livers during longer reperfusion periods (24 h) and sustained significantly less injury. It is concluded that complement is involved in the induction of a KC-induced oxidant stress, the priming of KC and PMNs for enhanced reactive oxygen generation, and the continuous accumulation of PMNs in the liver during reperfusion

Complement activates Kupffer cells and neutrophils during reperfusion after hepatic ischemia

The hypothesis that complement factors may be involved in the postischemic activation of Kupffer cells (KC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was investigated in a model of hepatic ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion in male Fischer rats in vivo. Depletion of serum complement before ischemia resulted in a significant attenuation of the KC-induced oxidant stress (enhanced oxidation of plasma glutathione) and also prevented the accumulation of PMNs in the liver during the initial reperfusion period of 1 h. Complement activation through injection of cobra venom factor (CVF; 75 μg CVF/kg) also induced enhanced oxidation of plasma glutathione and accumulation of PMNs in the liver. Isolation of KC and PMNs from the liver 1 h after CVF treatment demonstrated a similar priming effect for stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and opsonized zymosan as was observed in the postischemic liver. Complement-depleted animals and animals pretreated with the soluble human complement receptor type 1 (BRL 55730; 22.5 mg/kg) accumulated significantly less PMNs in the postischemic livers during longer reperfusion periods (24 h) and sustained significantly less injury. It is concluded that complement is involved in the induction of a KC-induced oxidant stress, the priming of KC and PMNs for enhanced reactive oxygen generation, and the continuous accumulation of PMNs in the liver during reperfusion

Additional file 1: of Clinical utility of blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in Japanese COPD patients

Table S1. Predictors of high NLR (NLR ≥ 2.7) by univariate logistic regression analysis. Table S2. Predictors of moderate or severe exacerbation by univariate logistic regression analysis. Table S3. Predictors of moderate or severe exacerbation by multivariate logistic regression analysis. (DOCX 19 kb