Histoire et mémoires des immigrations en régions aux XIXe et XXe siècle

International audienceCe texte, produit par les membres de la coordination nationale de l'étude, revient sur les enseignements du premier volet de l'enquête ACSE, histoire et mémoire des migrations en régions. Les auteurs mettent l'accent sur la diversité des situations régionales pour ce qui touche tant au calendrier qu'aux modalités de l'implantation de populations étrangères, mais aussi aux formes de politisation de la présence étrangère ou aux conditions de l'insertion sociale des populations

Severe Acute Dyspnoea of Extra-Thoracic Origin: Experience with Three Primary Thyroid Lymphomas (PTL)

Objectives: To recall the common clinical presenting features of and guide the diagnostic procedures of primary thyroid lymphomas (PTL). Materials and methods: We report on three patients developing an acute dyspnoea and fast evolving neck mass in the thyroid caused by a PTL occurring in our regional hospital in Switzerland between 2009 and 2013. Results: PTL causes a neck mass, dyspnoea and dysphonia and responds well to chemotherapy. Mortality is due to relapse or infectious complications. Conclusion: Acute dyspnoea caused by thyroid disease is uncommon. Nevertheless, it is the main symptom in PTL due to rapid growth and compression of the airways. Chemotherapy should be started promptly

Histoire et mémoires des immigrations en régions et dans les DOM aux XIXe et XXe siècles

Le second volet du programme Histoire et mémoires des immigrations en régions aux XIXe et XXe siècles remis à la coordination témoigne d’une forte mobilisation des équipes. Y sont développées des pistes de recherche pour la plupart inédites en histoire et sociologie de l’immigration – citons d’emblée la singularité des DOM qui rend compte des migrations de servitude sous des angles neufs ; l’importance des différentes échelles d’analyse qui complexifient l’histoire des migrations ; le poids d..

Gender, families and transmission in the contemporary jewish context

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Functionalization of Titanium Oxide Surfaces by Means of Poly(alkyl-phosphonates)

International audienceThe use of a multiple attachment sites strategy is considered in order to improve the stability of monomolecular adlayers. The hypothesis was tested in the case of PEG-ylated compounds carrying phosphonate groups, known for their affinity toward titanium oxide surfaces. As a result, a new class of co- and terpolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of three different monomers: dialkyl(methacryloyloxyalkyl)phosphonates, PEG methyl ether methacrylate, and/or butyl methacrylate monomers. Adlayers were formed following a simple dip-and-rinse protocol using diluted aqueous polymer solutions and were characterized by evaluating their thicknesses with variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and their elemental compositions with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The same techniques were used to determine changes of the adlayer as a function of exposure to electrolytes at different pH values and to monitor nonspecific protein adsorption upon serum exposures. The results indicated that the poly(alkyl-phosphonate)-based adlayers combine multiple site attachment of phosphonic groups and presentation of PEG side chains to the aqueous environment, resulting in both improved stability over a wide pH range in comparison to the tested reference surfaces and excellent resistance to protein adsorption when exposed to full human serum

High Impact Physical Activity and Bone Health of Lower Extremities in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study of SURfit.

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of reduced bone health and premature osteoporosis. As physical activity with high impact loading (IL-PA) is known to promote bone health, we compared bone densitometry and microstructure between groups of CCS who performed different amounts of physical activities in their daily life. We used baseline data of a single-centre PA trial including 161 CCS from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, aged 2 g acceleration and numbers of vertical impacts/h > 2 g) was captured using hip-worn accelerometers (1-3 weeks). For both IL-PA approaches, we formed low, middle, and high activity groups based on tertiles. Bone health of the high and middle active groups were compared to the low active group. 63% of CCS had indication of at least one bone mineral density z-score ≤ -1 measured by pQCT or DXA. The high IL-PA group performing 2.8 min/day or 19.1 impact peaks/h > 2 g (median) showed about 3-13% better microstructural and densitometric bone health as compared to the low IL-PA group with 0.38 min/day or 0.85 peaks/h > 2 g. Just a few minutes and repetitions of high IL-PA as easily modifiable lifestyle factor may be sufficient to improve bone health in adult CCS. Future longitudinal research is needed to better understand pattern and dosage of minimal impact loading needed to strengthen bone in growing and adult CCS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(alkyl phosphonate) Terpolymers on Titanium Oxide Surfaces: Synthesis, Interface Characterization, Investigation of Nonfouling Properties, and Long-Term Stability

International audienceThis contribution deals with the self-assembling of a terpolymer on titanium oxide (TiO2) surface. The polymer structure was obtained by polymerization of different methacrylates, i.e., alkyl-phosphonated, butyl and PEG methacrylate, in the presence of a chain transfer agent. The resulting PEG-poly(alkyl phosphonate) material, characterized mainly by SEC and NMR, self-organized at the interface of TiO2. AR-XPS demonstrated the binding of phosphonate groups to TiO2 substrate and the formation of a PEG-brush layer at the outermost part of the system. The stability of this terpolymer adlayer, after exposure to solutions of pH 2, 7.4, and 9 up to 3 weeks, was evaluated quantitatively by XPS and ellipsometry. We demonstrated an overall stability improvements of this coating against desorption in contact with aqueous solutions in comparison with reference self-assembly systems. Finally, the PEG-terpolymer adlayer proved to impart to TiO2 substrate antifouling properties when exposed to full blood serum

Histoire et mémoires des immigrations en régions et dans les DOM aux XIXe et XXe siècles: Des études riches, des perspectives fécondes

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Field performance of the Determine HBsAg point-of-care test for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus co-infection among HIV patients in Zambia.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the field performance of a rapid point-of-care (POC) test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that could support decentralization and scale-up of hepatitis B virus (HBV) diagnosis in Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine the field performance of the Determine HBsAg POC test for diagnosis of HBV co-infection among HIV patients in Zambia. STUDY DESIGN Between 2013-2014, we screened HIV-infected adults for HBsAg at two urban clinics in Zambia. A subset were tested with the POC Determine HBsAg (Alere, USA) by finger prick in the clinic and HBsAg serology (Access2Analyzer, Beckman Coulter) at a reference laboratory. If either test was reactive, we determined HBV viral load (VL) and genotype. We described patient demographic and clinical characteristics (including liver fibrosis) and assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of the Determine test. In secondary analyses, we assessed sensitivity among patients with replicating HBV (i.e., VL>20 IU/ml) and with high HBV VL (i.e.,>20,000IU/ml). RESULTS Among 412 participants with both HBsAg tests, median age was 34 years, 51% were women, and median CD4 was 208 cells/mm3. By serology, 66 (16%) were HBsAg-positive. Overall Determine had 87.9% sensitivity, 99.7% specificity, 98.3% PPV, and 97.7% NPV. Six of 8 patients with false negative results had undetectable HBV VL and no evidence of significant liver fibrosis. Test sensitivity was 95.9% among the 51 with replicating HBV and 100% among the 28 with high HBV VL. CONCLUSIONS Determine HBsAg is a cheaper alternative HBV testing option compared to the gold standard ELISA and has high specificity and good sensitivity in the field among HIV-infected individuals

High impact physical activity and bone health of lower extremities in childhood cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study of SURfit

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of reduced bone health and premature osteoporosis. As physical activity with high impact loading (IL-PA) is known to promote bone health, we compared bone densitometry and microstructure between groups of CCS who performed different amounts of physical activities in their daily life. We used baseline data of a single-center PA trial including 161 CCS from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry, aged 2 g acceleration and numbers of vertical impacts/hr >2 g) was captured using hip-worn accelerometers (1-3 weeks). For both IL-PA approaches, we formed low, middle and high activity groups based on tertiles. Bone health of the high and middle active groups was compared to the low active group. 63% of CCS had indication of at least one bone mineral density z-score ≤ -1 measured by pQCT or DXA. The high IL-PA group performing 2.8 min/day or 19.1 impact peaks/hr > 2 g (median) showed about 3-13% better microstructural and densitometric bone health as compared to the low IL-PA group with 0.38 min/day or 0.85 peaks/hr > 2 g. Just a few minutes and repetitions of high IL-PA as easily modifiable lifestyle factor may be sufficient to improve bone health in adult CCS. Future longitudinal research is needed to better understand pattern and dosage of minimal impact loading needed to strengthen bone in growing and adult CCS