Determination of Fatty Acid Content of V. opulus Grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Yozgat

The common name for Viburnum opulus in Türkiye is "gilaburu". Despite its bitter and acrid taste, it is consumed as fruit juice or products such as jam, marmalade, jelly. They have antioxidant properties as they contain high levels of phytocompounds such as anthocyanin, phenolics, triterpenoids and vitamins. In the study, the fruits of V. opulus grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Yozgat villages were found to contain palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2), myristic acid (C 14:0), palmitoleic acid (C 16:1), stearic acid (C 18:0), heptadesanoic acid (C17:1), eicosenoic acid (C 20:1), eicosadienoic acid (C 20:2), lauric acid (C 12: 0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) were examined. In the study, it was observed that the dominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C 18:2). Similarly, in the examples, lauric acid (C 12:0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) found in trace amounts

Herbicides widely used in the world: an investigation of toxic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans

Dicamba, paraquat, picloram, clopyralid and linuron are herbicides widely used in agriculture. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the toxicity effects of the herbicides used on survival, fertility and length of Caenorhabditis elegans. Kaplan– Meier Survival Analysis method was used to identify the toxicity effect of herbicides on survival, and ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used to determine the toxicity effects on fertility and length. In the study, C. elegans was exposed to 5 different concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 μM) of each herbicide. When the results were evaluated, it was observed that sur- vival (life span) and length (physical growth) were more affected, respectively, by paraquat, dicamba, linuron, picloram and clopyralid herbicides, fertility (egg productivity) were more affected, respectively, by paraquat, linuron, dicamba, picloram and clopyralid herbicides. As a result, it was determined that increasing the dose amounts of herbicides caused many toxic reactions on C. elegans, affecting survival, egg productivity and length

Machine learning approach for predicting the antifungal effect of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) fruit extracts on Fusarium spp. isolated from diseased potato tubers

This work addresses the mathematical model building to detect the diameter of the&nbsp;inhibition zone&nbsp;of gilaburu (Viburnum&nbsp;opulus&nbsp;L.) extract against eight different&nbsp;Fusarium&nbsp;strains isolated from diseased potato tubers. Gilaburu extracts were obtained with&nbsp;acetone, ethanol or methanol. The isolated&nbsp;Fusarium&nbsp;strains were:&nbsp;F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. graminearum, F. coeruleum, F. sulphureum, F. auneaceum&nbsp;and&nbsp;F. culmorum. In general, it was observed that ethanolic extracts showed highest&nbsp;antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of extracts was evaluated with machine learning (ML) methods. Several ML methods (classification and regression trees (CART),&nbsp;support vector machines&nbsp;(SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (k−NN),&nbsp;artificial neural network&nbsp;(ANN), ensemble algorithms (EA), AdaBoost (AB) algorithm, gradient boosting (GBM) algorithm, random forests (RF) bagging algorithm and extra trees (ET)) were applied and compared for modeling&nbsp;fungal growth. From this research, it is clear that ML methods have the lowest error level. As a result, ML methods are reliable, fast, and cheap tools for predicting the antifungal activity of gilaburu extracts. These encouraging results will attract more research efforts to implement ML into the field of food microbiology instead of traditional methods.</p