Bigeye (Thunnus obesus) by-catch estimates from the albcore Spanish surface fishery in the North East Atlantic,2014

IEO, PNDB-UEVersión del edito

Statistics from the Spanish albacore (Thunnus alalunga) surface fisherry on the North Eastern Atlantic in 2014.

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STANDARDIZED NORTH EAST ATLANTIC ALBACORE (Thunnus alalunga) CPUE´S FROM THE SPANISH BAIT BOAT FLEET, PERIOD 1981-2014.

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STANDARDIZED NORTH EAST ATLANTIC ALBACORE (Thunnus alalunga) CPUE´S FROM THE SPANISH TROLL FLEET, PERIOD 1981-2014

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Boundary effects on the nonequilibrium structure factor of fluids below the Rayleigh-Benard instability

We consider a horizontal fluid layer between two rigid boundaries, maintained in a stationary thermal nonequilibrium state below the convective Rayleigh-Benard instability. We derive an explicit expression for the nonequilibrium structure factor in a first-order Galerkin approximation valid for negative and positive Rayleigh numbers R up to the critical Rayleigh number R(c) associated with the appearance of convection. The results obtained for rigid boundaries by the Galerkin-approximation method are compared with exact results previously derived for the case of free boundaries. The nonequilibrium structure factor exhibits a maximum as a function of the wave number q of the fluctuations. This maximum is associated with a crossover from a q(-4) dependence for larger q to a q(2) dependence for small q. This maximum is present at both negative and positive R, becomes pronounced at positive R and diverges as R approaches the critical value R(c)