Una mirada al desarrollo infantil en América Latina y el Caribe desde la teoría y el pensamiento sistémico

Este documento investiga las siguientes preguntas relacionadas con las políticas de desarrollo infantil en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Cuáles son los principales marcos institucionales y legales que determinan la cantidad, naturaleza y prestación de servicios de desarrollo infantil? ¿Qué vínculos y mecanismos de coordinación existen entre las políticas, programas y servicios de desarrollo infantil? ¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos que limitan la capacidad del sistema de desarrollo infantil de los países para producir resultados sistémicos de equidad, calidad y sostenibilidad? Aplicando en el análisis la teoría y el pensamiento sistémico, el documento presenta los resultados de un estudio comparativo en cinco países de la región: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala y Trinidad y Tobago

Teacher Quality and Learning Outcomes in Kindergarten

The report assigned two cohorts of kindergarten students, totaling more than 24,000 children, to teachers within schools with a rule that is as-good-as-random. The authors collected data on children at the beginning of the school year, and applied 12 tests of math, language and executive function (EF) at the end of the year. All teachers were filmed teaching for a full day, and the videos were coded using a wellknown classroom observation tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (or CLASS). We find substantial classroom effects: A one-standard deviation increase in classroom quality results in 0.11, 0.11, and 0.07 standard deviation higher test scores in language, math, and EF, respectively. Teacher behaviors, as measured by the CLASS, are associated with higher test scores. Parents recognize better teachers, but do not change their behaviors appreciably to take account of differences in teacher quality

The effect of classroom rank on learning throughout elementary school: experimental evidence from Ecuador

We study the impact on learning of a child’s rank in the classroom, using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and 6th grade. Therefore, two students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. In order to isolate the impact of rank from other peer influences we include flexible controls for average peer quality, as well as classroom fixed effects. We find that children with higher classroom rank at the beginning of the academic year have significantly higher math test scores at the end of that grade. Classroom rank in math, not language, drives our results. The impact of classroom math rank is larger for younger children, and grows substantially over time. Exogenous changes in classroom rank in math also improve executive function, child happiness, and teacher perceptions of students

Home Computers and Child Outcomes: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru

This paper presents results from a randomized control trial in which approximately 1,000 OLPC XO laptops were provided for home use to children attending primary schools in Lima, Peru. The intervention increased access and use of home computers, with some substitution away from computer use outside the home. Beneficiaries were more likely to complete domestic chores but less likely to read books. Treatment children scored almost one standard deviation higher in a test of XO proficiency, though there were no effects on objective and self-reported skills for using a Windows-based PC and Internet. There were positive impacts on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test among children who did not have a home computer before the intervention, but no significant effects for the sample as a whole. Finally, there was little evidence for spillovers within schools, although close friends and classmates of laptop recipients did exhibit higher proficiency with the XO computer.

Prediciendo el número de docentes, médicos y enfermeros en América Latina y el Caribe

Utilizando los datos de diferentes fuentes de información desde 1960, las proyecciones de la población por edad de Naciones Unidas y modelos basados en los cambios observados tanto en los países de la región como en un grupo referencia de la OCDE, los autores estiman el número de empleos de docentes, médicos y enfermeros en 24 países hasta 2040. Asumen que los cambios observados en el pasado en los países de referencia proporcionan información útil sobre lo que se espera en el futuro en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Hallan que en el 2040 la región necesitará alrededor de 2.5 veces más médicos y enfermeros y 70% más docentes que en 2017

Women’s voter mobilization campaign in Guatemala: a field experiment

To test the effectiveness of a public awareness campaign on women’s political participation in a developing country, we conducted a randomized field experiment across 40 municipalities in Guatemala. The goal of the campaign was to raise awareness about the importance of women’s civic and political participation within the context of the 2011 general elections in Guatemala. We found no measurable impact, but provide lessons learned that can be helpful to other teams undertaking similar initiatives. We also fill a void in the literature given that this is one of the few studies that integrates an experimental design to explore the impact of a public campaign on women’s political participation in a developing countryPara probar la eficacia de una campaña de sensibilización pública sobre la participación política de las mujeres en un país en desarrollo, realizamos un experimento de campo aleatorizado en 40 municipios de Guatemala. El objetivo de la campaña fue sensibilizar sobre la importancia de la participación cívica y política de las mujeres en el contexto de las elecciones generales de 2011 en Guatemala. No encontramos ningún impacto medible, pero ofrecemos lecciones aprendidas que pueden ser de utilidad para otros equipos que llevan a cabo iniciativas sim ilares. También llenamos un vacío en la literatura, ya que este es uno de los pocos estudios en integrar un diseño experimental para explorar el impacto de una campaña pública sobre la participación política de las mujeres en un país en desarroll

Panorama de la efectividad en el desarrollo (DEO) 2008-2009

Panorama de la efectividad en el desarrollo 2008-2009 es una herramienta mediante la cual el BID da cuenta de la efectividad de su trabajo. Informa sobre los avances hechos por el Banco en su agenda de efectividad en el desarrollo

Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2010

The 2010 Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) highlights progress in the implementation of the Development Effectiveness Framework, mandated by the Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank as part of the 9th General Capital Increase. The report shows the results of the IBD's efforts to devise and apply monitoring and evaluation instruments that ensure that its work is duly executed and the outputs and outcomes of its actions are materializing on the ground, as well as on how these actions contribute to achieving key development results in the Region. The report specifically presents the results of the new strategic focus; the effectiveness of IDB products; social policy for equity and productivity; infrastructure and institutions for competitiveness and social welfare; competitive regional and global international integration; environmental protection, Bank responses to climate change, promotion of renewable energy and ensuring food security, as well as the IDB's work in Haiti