ReCoDe: A Data Reduction and Compression Description for High Throughput Time-Resolved Electron Microscopy

Fast, direct electron detectors have significantly improved the spatio-temporal resolution of electron microscopy movies. Preserving both spatial and temporal resolution in extended observations, however, requires storing prohibitively large amounts of data. Here, we describe an efficient and flexible data reduction and compression scheme (ReCoDe) that retains both spatial and temporal resolution by preserving individual electron events. Running ReCoDe on a workstation we demonstrate on-the-fly reduction and compression of raw data streaming off a detector at 3 GB/s, for hours of uninterrupted data collection. The output was 100-fold smaller than the raw data and saved directly onto network-attached storage drives over a 10 GbE connection. We discuss calibration techniques that support electron detection and counting (e.g. estimate electron backscattering rates, false positive rates, and data compressibility), and novel data analysis methods enabled by ReCoDe (e.g. recalibration of data post acquisition, and accurate estimation of coincidence loss).Comment: 53 pages, 20 figure

The potentials and challenges of using fermentation to improve the sensory quality of plant-based meat analogs

Despite the advancements made in improving the quality of plant-based meat substitutes, more work needs to be done to match the texture, appearance, and flavor of real meat. This review aims to cover the sensory quality constraints of plant-based meat analogs and provides fermentation as a sustainable approach to push these boundaries. Plant-based meat analogs have been observed to have weak and soft textural quality, poor mouth feel, an unstable color, and unpleasant and beany flavors in some cases, necessitating the search for efficient novel technologies. A wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, as well as fungi like Fusarium venenatum and Neurospora intermedia, have improved the product texture to mimic fibrous meat structures. Additionally, the chewiness and hardness of the resulting meat analogs have been further improved through the use of Bacillus subtilis. However, excessive fermentation may result in a decrease in the final product’s firmness and produce a slimy texture. Similarly, several microbial metabolites can mimic the color and flavor of meat, with some concerns. It appears that fermentation is a promising approach to modulating the sensory profiles of plant-derived meat ingredients without adverse consequences. In addition, the technology of starter cultures can be optimized and introduced as a new strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of plant-based meat while still meeting the needs of an expanding and sustainable economy

Potential conflicts in midwifery practice regarding conscientious objection to abortions in Scotland

Background: This study was developed as a result of a court case involving conflicts between midwives’ professional practice and their faith when caring for women undergoing abortions in Scotland. Research questions: What are practising Roman Catholics’ perspectives of potential conflicts between midwives’ professional practice in Scotland with regard to involvement in abortions and their faith? How relevant is the ‘conscience clause’ to midwifery practice today? and What are participants’ understandings of Canon 1398 in relation to midwifery practice? Research design: The theoretical underpinning of this study was Gadamer’s hermeneutic out of which the method developed by Fleming et al. involving a five-stage approach was utilised. Participants and research context: The research was conducted in the south of Scotland. A purposive sampling method was used. Eight participants who were practising Roman Catholics familiar with the subject of conscientious objection who were either midwives, lawyers (civil, canon or both) or priests contributed. Ethical considerations: The major ethical issues related to respect for autonomy, maintaining confidentiality and obtaining voluntary informed consent. Parish priests agreed to act as gatekeepers to prospective participants. All legal requirements were addressed regarding data collection and storage. Approval was given by the ethics committee of the university with which one of the researchers were associated. Findings: Three key themes provide an understanding of the situation in which midwives find themselves when considering the care for a woman admitted for an abortion: competing legal systems, competing views of conscience and limits of participation. Conclusion: Clear guidelines for practice should be developed by a multi-professional and consumer group based on an update of the abortion law to reflect the change from a surgical to medical procedure. Clarification of Canon 1398 in relation to what is and is not participation in the procurement of abortion would be of benefit to midwives with a conscientious objection

Does director trading change the information environment?

Investigating ASX300 firms for the period 2002-2010, we find that the information content of director trading has a negative relationship with post-trade information asymmetry, but a positive relationship with information efficiency. These results are mainly driven by director purchases rather than their sales, and are stronger in non-executive director trading. Our results are robust to the adoption of IFRS in 2005 and the global financial crisis in 2008. These findings back the claims of insider trading proponents, by showing that director trading plays a crucial role in reducing information asymmetry and in improving information efficiency for stock market participants

Exploring the Challenges Immigrant Nurses have with the Working Life Integration Process

This study is part of the TyöPeda project by the Ministry of Education with Arcada University of Applied Sciences. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges that immigrant nurses experienced in integrating into a new work environment. The questions that guided this were: what types of accreditation and recognition of prior learning strategies exist for immigrant nurses in transition; what types of core competencies they need to have when working in the healthcare profession; and what type of challenges they face at the workplace during the transition. The study uses a literature review of 30 articles from Academic Search Elite (EBSCO), PubMed, SAGE, and ScienceDirect. Inductive qualitative content analysis is used, guided by the Graneheim and Lundman’s (2004) concepts, procedures and measure to achieve trustworthiness. Transition theory by A.I. Meleis is used as a conceptual framework. The major findings are categorized into cultural, intrapersonal, licensing and education, profession-specific, and social. Cultural, that include belief, language, and values, is the most common category from the articles that were reviewed. There also exist intrapersonal conflicts: anxiety, isolation/loneliness, and homesickness during the transition. There is also a lack of standard accreditation process for the immigrant nurses’ previous education and experience. Profession-specific includes orientation, role confusion, and skills mismatch. This comes from a lack of orientation, unclear expectations, and differences in practice between the source and host countries. Interpersonal conflicts, racism, and discrimination are under Social. These extend from co-workers, patients, visitors, and at institutional levels. The study recommends further researches to be conducted to identify coping mechanisms and interventions to overcome the challenges identified, and also to see more extensive studies specifically on immigrant nurses integrating to working life in Finland