Relation of Adiposity Rebound age to Serum Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein in Young Childhood

The number of patients with childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. The age of adiposity rebound (AR), the age when body mass starts to rise after transient decrease after birth, is thought to have a predictive value of obesity in adulthood. In order to elucidate whether the early gain of weight is related to the future occurrence of metabolic syndrome, the author examined the relationship between the time of AR and the prevalence of children having atherogenic small dense LDL (SDLDL) in serum at 12 years of age in Fujioka town in Japan. A total of 215 children (114 boys and 101 girls) who were born between 1995 and 1996 have been enrolled in this study as a prospective cohort. Annual measurements of body-mass index (BMI) from 4 months to 12 years were carried out. We defined the age of AR as the age when the lowest BMI occurred during this period. At 12 years of age, serum concentrations of lipids including of SDLDL and lipoproteins were measured. As results children who exhibited an earlier AR had the higher BMI value at 12 years of age (p<0.01) in both sexes. The prevalence of SDLDL decreased progressively from 15.0% in children in whom AR occurred before the age of 4 years to 0% in those in whom AR occurred after 6 years. Furthermore, the earlier AR was associated with elevated triglyceride (p<0.05) and apolipoprotein B (p<0.01) levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels (p<0.05). In conclusion the present longitudinal population-based study indicates that children who exhibit AR at a younger age seem to be predisposed towards the future development of metabolic syndrome. Thus, it is possible to identify high-risk children with metabolic syndrome prospectively by measuring early adiposity rebound

ショウノウ テイケイセイ オ ミトメタ チョウ テイシュッセイ タイジュウジ ノ ジョジ

小脳低形成は失調を起こす先天的な脳形成異常である.近年,小脳低形成と超低出生体重児の関連性が指摘されている.我々は運動発達の遅れを契機に小脳低形成と診断した小児例を報告する.症例は1 歳8ヶ月の女児.在胎23 週5 日,出生体重555 g の超低出生体重の分娩歴がある.出生後,呼吸障害にて日齢99 まで人工呼吸器管理を要した.日齡173,後遺症なく退院.1 歳6 ヶ月で座位と立位保持が不安定性であった.脳MRI を行い小脳低形成と診断した.児はその後リハビリテーションを開始し歩行を獲得した.低出生体重児で座位保持困難などの運動発達遅滞が見られた場合,正期産よりも小脳低形成の合併が多いことを考慮し,早期にMRI を施行することが望ましい.Congental cereballer hypoplasia is a well known cause oftruncal ataxia. In recent years, several report showed a correlationbetween very low birth weight infant and hypoplasiaof cerebellum. Here we report a patient with cerebellarhypoplasia who was born with 23 weeks gestational age,weighting 555 g. She was immediately treated with artificialventilation until 99th day of her age due to respiratory failure.At the 173th day, she was discharged from the neonatalintensive care unit with no apparent sequela. At oneyear and 3month-old, she could not walk and keep sittingalone. Brain MRI showed hypoplasia of both cereballarhemisphere and vermis. The diagnosis of congenital cerebellarhypoplasia was made and rehabilitation therapy wasstated. Physicians should recognize the high prevalence ofcerebellar hypoplasia when examine very low birth weightinfant with developmental motor delay, and brain MRIstudy is useful to detect this condition

シンセイジ ニ タイスル ケイビテキ ジゾク ヨウアツ コキュウ ホウ ノ コウカ ト モンダイ テン

当院新生児集中治療室において経鼻的持続陽圧呼吸法を65例に施行し,その有効性と問題点について疾患別に検討した.出生後早期の呼吸障害である呼吸窮迫症候群では全例無効であったが,新生児一過性多呼吸では79%で有効であった.低出生体重児の慢性肺疾患では,抜管後の呼吸障害に85%で有効であった.無呼吸発作には,呼吸中枢の未熟性によるものには95%で有効であったが,薬剤の副作用による無呼吸に対しては無効であった.経鼻的持続陽圧呼吸法の合併症として,鼻部潰瘍および腹部膨満を3例に認めた.ただ,これらの合併症は,使用時間の短縮で減らすことが可能であると考えられた. Key Words: 新生児,経鼻的持続陽圧呼吸法,無呼吸発作We evaluated the effects and problems of nasal continuouspositive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) in 65 patientsadmitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. In neonateswith early onset respiratory problems after birth, nasalCPAP was effective for 79 % in transient tachypnea. However,no effect was observed in respiratory distress syndrome.Nasal CPAP was also effective for 85 % in post-extubationchronic lung disease and 95 % in apnea ofprematurity. Ulcers around the nose and abdominal distensionas adverse effects were observed in several neonates,however these risks may be reduced by shorting durationof nasal CPAP

Hitomi X-Ray Studies of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab Pulsar

To search for giant X-ray pulses correlated with the giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar, we performed a simultaneous observation of the Crab pulsar with the X-ray satellite Hitomi in the 2300 keV band and the Kashima NICT radio telescope in the 1.41.7 GHz band with a net exposure of about 2 ks on 2016 March 25, just before the loss of the Hitomi mission. The timing performance of the Hitomi instruments was confirmed to meet the timing requirement and about 1000 and 100 GRPs were simultaneously observed at the main pulse and inter-pulse phases, respectively, and we found no apparent correlation between the giant radio pulses and the X-ray emission in either the main pulse or inter-pulse phase. All variations are within the 2 fluctuations of the X-ray fluxes at the pulse peaks, and the 3 upper limits of variations of main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs are 22% or 80% of the peak flux in a 0.20 phase width, respectively, in the 2300 keV band. The values for main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs become 25% or 110%, respectively, when the phase width is restricted to the 0.03 phase. Among the upper limits from the Hitomi satellite, those in the 4.510 keV and 70300 keV bands are obtained for the first time, and those in other bands are consistent with previous reports. Numerically, the upper limits of the main pulse and inter-pulse GRPs in the 0.20 phase width are about (2.4 and 9.3) 10(exp 11) erg cm(exp 2), respectively. No significant variability in pulse profiles implies that the GRPs originated from a local place within the magnetosphere. Although the number of photon-emitting particles should temporarily increase to account for the brightening of the radio emission, the results do not statistically rule out variations correlated with the GRPs, because the possible X-ray enhancement may appear due to a >0.02% brightening of the pulse-peak flux under such conditions

Distribution of stable isotopes of participate lead in the atmosphere in Osaka, Japan

Poorly soluble particulate materials (PMs) in the atmosphere were collected in Osaka, Japan, over nine months, and the distribution of stable isotopes of lead in PMs was observed for elucidation of original sources of PMs. PMs were divided into three groups depending on their particle sizes, PM-1 (＞10μm), PM-2 (10-2.5μm), and PM-3 (＜2.5μm). There were no differences in lead concentration among the three groups. Lead isotope ratios of total PMs during nine months were 0.880±0.011 for ^Pb, 2.137±0.033 for ^Pb, and 0.413±0.007 for ^Pb. There was no relationship between ^Pb and ^Pb in PM-2 and PM-3, although there was a significant relationship between both ratios in PM-1. Ratios of both ^Pb and ^Pb in PM-1 and PM-2 remained similar in each month, but both ratios in PM-3 dramatically raised and fell during nine months. From the present study, there may be various sources of lead PMs in the atmosphere, and the lead source of PM-3 may be different from PM-1 and PM-2.本文データはCiNiiから複製したものである

The Effect of pH from Simulated Acid Rain on Multi-Element Contents of Leaves, Stems and Roots of the Crops

[Abstract] In this study, simulated acid rain in which the pH differs was sprinkled on crops for 1week. The concentrations of Mg, Ca, K, P , Fe and Zn in the leaves, stems and roots of these crop plants was determined by ICP atomic emission spectrometry. As a result, it was shown that many elements were easily released from the crops, as the pH was lowered. However, it became clear that Fe ion was very easily absorbed by each part of the plant at pH 5.6, though the level was decreased at pH 4.7 or less.本文データはCiNiiから複製したものである